feat(renderer): port the OpenGL backend, shaders and size math

Ports the terminal-independent half of ZIG/src/renderer (OpenGL only):
- opengl/*: buffers, frames, pipelines, render passes, samplers,
  targets, textures and the OpenGL GraphicsAPI backend on top of glow;
  the GTK GLArea glue is replaced by a get_proc_address loader closure
- the GLSL shaders, copied verbatim and embedded; uniform/vertex structs
  as bytemuck Pod types with std140 offsets asserted in tests
- shadertoy custom shaders converted with naga (GLSL in -> validate ->
  GLSL 430 out) instead of glslang + spirv-cross
- size (screen/grid/cell/padding math), cursor style logic, backend
  health, options and message types

The crate opts into unsafe_code = "deny"; unsafe glow calls live only in
opengl/gl.rs. A headless EGL integration test builds every pipeline and
the converted shadertoy shaders on Mesa and reads back rendered pixels.

Note: Zig's shadertoy Uniforms order the selection background/foreground
colors opposite to the GLSL block (likely an upstream bug); kept as in
Zig for parity and recorded in the notes.

Deferred to the next renderer pass: generic, cell, image, link, row,
State, Thread, Overlay (need terminal render state).

Test Plan:
- cargo test -p ghostty-renderer (33 tests incl. tests/egl_headless.rs)

crates/ghostty-renderer/shaders/glsl/cell_text.f.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include "common.glsl"
+
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2DRect atlas_grayscale;
+layout(binding = 1) uniform sampler2DRect atlas_color;
+
+in CellTextVertexOut {
+    flat uint atlas;
+    flat vec4 color;
+    flat vec4 bg_color;
+    vec2 tex_coord;
+} in_data;
+
+// Values `atlas` can take.
+const uint ATLAS_GRAYSCALE = 0u;
+const uint ATLAS_COLOR = 1u;
+
+// Must declare this output for some versions of OpenGL.
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 out_FragColor;
+
+void main() {
+    bool use_linear_blending = (bools & USE_LINEAR_BLENDING) != 0;
+    bool use_linear_correction = (bools & USE_LINEAR_CORRECTION) != 0;
+
+    switch (in_data.atlas) {
+        default:
+        case ATLAS_GRAYSCALE:
+        {
+            // Our input color is always linear.
+            vec4 color = in_data.color;
+
+            // If we're not doing linear blending, then we need to
+            // re-apply the gamma encoding to our color manually.
+            //
+            // Since the alpha is premultiplied, we need to divide
+            // it out before unlinearizing and re-multiply it after.
+            if (!use_linear_blending) {
+                color.rgb /= vec3(color.a);
+                color = unlinearize(color);
+                color.rgb *= vec3(color.a);
+            }
+
+            // Fetch our alpha mask for this pixel.
+            float a = texture(atlas_grayscale, in_data.tex_coord).r;
+
+            // Linear blending weight correction corrects the alpha value to
+            // produce blending results which match gamma-incorrect blending.
+            if (use_linear_correction) {
+                // Short explanation of how this works:
+                //
+                // We get the luminances of the foreground and background colors,
+                // and then unlinearize them and perform blending on them. This
+                // gives us our desired luminance, which we derive our new alpha
+                // value from by mapping the range [bg_l, fg_l] to [0, 1], since
+                // our final blend will be a linear interpolation from bg to fg.
+                //
+                // This yields virtually identical results for grayscale blending,
+                // and very similar but non-identical results for color blending.
+                vec4 bg = in_data.bg_color;
+                float fg_l = luminance(color.rgb);
+                float bg_l = luminance(bg.rgb);
+                // To avoid numbers going haywire, we don't apply correction
+                // when the bg and fg luminances are within 0.001 of each other.
+                if (abs(fg_l - bg_l) > 0.001) {
+                    float blend_l = linearize(unlinearize(fg_l) * a + unlinearize(bg_l) * (1.0 - a));
+                    a = clamp((blend_l - bg_l) / (fg_l - bg_l), 0.0, 1.0);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Multiply our whole color by the alpha mask.
+            // Since we use premultiplied alpha, this is
+            // the correct way to apply the mask.
+            color *= a;
+
+            out_FragColor = color;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        case ATLAS_COLOR:
+        {
+            // For now, we assume that color glyphs
+            // are already premultiplied linear colors.
+            vec4 color = texture(atlas_color, in_data.tex_coord);
+
+            // If we are doing linear blending, we can return this right away.
+            if (use_linear_blending) {
+                out_FragColor = color;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise we need to unlinearize the color. Since the alpha is
+            // premultiplied, we need to divide it out before unlinearizing.
+            color.rgb /= vec3(color.a);
+            color = unlinearize(color);
+            color.rgb *= vec3(color.a);
+
+            out_FragColor = color;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}