feat(input): port keyboard, keybinding and mouse input handling

Ports ZIG/src/input (except macOS keymaps) into ghostty-input:
- key, key_mods (incl. RemapSet), the physical keycode table
- key_encode: legacy, modifyOtherKeys and kitty keyboard protocol
  encoders, function key tables
- Binding: all keybinding actions with their user-visible docs (for
  +list-actions), triggers, sets with sequences, chains, leader keys and
  key tables, and formatting back to config strings
- command palette defaults, mouse, paste safety checks, kitty helpers,
  links, helpgen action docs

Deviations (docs/rewrite/notes/ghostty-input.md): Mods.super is named
super_; case folding uses char::to_lowercase plus Ghostty's special
cases instead of uucode tables; chain parents are trigger paths instead
of pointers; a Zig bug where chained leaves inside sequences corrupted the
shared prefix when formatting is fixed (covered by a test).

Integration left: building encode/paste Options from terminal modes,
and implementing the EntryFormatter trait in ghostty-config.

Test Plan:
- cargo test -p ghostty-input (220 tests; 8 macOS-only skipped)
- cargo clippy -p ghostty-input --all-targets -- -D warnings

crates/ghostty-input/src/binding/action.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3004 @@
+//! The set of actions that a keybinding can take (`Binding.Action` in
+//! ZIG/src/input/Binding.zig).
+
+#![allow(clippy::needless_raw_string_hashes)]
+
+use std::fmt;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+
+use super::Error;
+
+/// Define a fieldless enum whose variants are named in snake_case in the
+/// Zig source (and therefore in configuration / `+list-actions`).
+macro_rules! str_enum {
+    (
+        $(#[$meta:meta])*
+        pub enum $name:ident {
+            $($(#[$vmeta:meta])* $variant:ident => $s:literal,)*
+        }
+    ) => {
+        $(#[$meta])*
+        #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+        pub enum $name {
+            $($(#[$vmeta])* $variant,)*
+        }
+
+        impl $name {
+            /// The Zig tag name.
+            pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+                match self {
+                    $($name::$variant => $s,)*
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// Look up by Zig tag name.
+            pub fn from_name(s: &str) -> Option<$name> {
+                match s {
+                    $($s => Some($name::$variant),)*
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+/// Implements `parse_param` for plain string enums.
+macro_rules! plain_param {
+    ($name:ident) => {
+        impl $name {
+            pub(super) fn parse_param(s: &str) -> Result<$name, Error> {
+                $name::from_name(s).ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+/// The scope of an action. The scope is the context in which an action
+/// must be executed.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Scope {
+    App,
+    Surface,
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum CrashThread {
+        Main => "main",
+        Io => "io",
+        Render => "render",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(CrashThread);
+
+/// Data to send depending on whether cursor key mode is enabled.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct CursorKey {
+    pub normal: String,
+    pub application: String,
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum NavigateSearch {
+        Previous => "previous",
+        Next => "next",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(NavigateSearch);
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum AdjustSelection {
+        Left => "left",
+        Right => "right",
+        Up => "up",
+        Down => "down",
+        PageUp => "page_up",
+        PageDown => "page_down",
+        Home => "home",
+        End => "end",
+        BeginningOfLine => "beginning_of_line",
+        EndOfLine => "end_of_line",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(AdjustSelection);
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum SplitDirection {
+        Right => "right",
+        Down => "down",
+        Left => "left",
+        Up => "up",
+        /// splits along the larger direction
+        Auto => "auto",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(SplitDirection);
+
+impl SplitDirection {
+    pub const DEFAULT: SplitDirection = SplitDirection::Auto;
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum SplitFocusDirection {
+        Previous => "previous",
+        Next => "next",
+        Up => "up",
+        Left => "left",
+        Down => "down",
+        Right => "right",
+    }
+}
+
+impl SplitFocusDirection {
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<SplitFocusDirection, Error> {
+        if let Some(v) = SplitFocusDirection::from_name(input) {
+            return Ok(v);
+        }
+        // For backwards compatibility we map "top" and "bottom" onto the enum
+        // values "up" and "down"
+        match input {
+            "top" => Ok(SplitFocusDirection::Up),
+            "bottom" => Ok(SplitFocusDirection::Down),
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidFormat),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn parse_param(s: &str) -> Result<SplitFocusDirection, Error> {
+        SplitFocusDirection::parse(s)
+    }
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum SplitResizeDirection {
+        Up => "up",
+        Down => "down",
+        Left => "left",
+        Right => "right",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(SplitResizeDirection);
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum GotoWindow {
+        Previous => "previous",
+        Next => "next",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(GotoWindow);
+
+/// Zig: a tuple `struct { SplitResizeDirection, u16 }`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct SplitResizeParameter(pub SplitResizeDirection, pub u16);
+
+impl SplitResizeParameter {
+    pub(super) fn parse_param(param: &str) -> Result<SplitResizeParameter, Error> {
+        let mut it = param.split(',');
+        let dir = SplitResizeDirection::parse_param(it.next().ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?)?;
+        let amt = it
+            .next()
+            .ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?
+            .parse::<u16>()
+            .map_err(|_| Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+        // If we have extra parameters it is an error
+        if it.next().is_some() {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+        }
+        Ok(SplitResizeParameter(dir, amt))
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn format_into(self, out: &mut String) {
+        out.push_str(self.0.name());
+        out.push(',');
+        out.push_str(&self.1.to_string());
+    }
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum CopyToClipboard {
+        Plain => "plain",
+        Vt => "vt",
+        Html => "html",
+        /// This type will mix multiple distinct types with a set content-type
+        /// such as text/html for html, so that the OS/application can choose
+        /// what is best when pasting.
+        Mixed => "mixed",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(CopyToClipboard);
+
+impl CopyToClipboard {
+    pub const DEFAULT: CopyToClipboard = CopyToClipboard::Mixed;
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum WriteScreenAction {
+        Copy => "copy",
+        Paste => "paste",
+        Open => "open",
+    }
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum WriteScreenFormat {
+        Plain => "plain",
+        Vt => "vt",
+        Html => "html",
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct WriteScreen {
+    pub action: WriteScreenAction,
+    pub emit: WriteScreenFormat,
+}
+
+impl WriteScreen {
+    pub const COPY: WriteScreen = WriteScreen {
+        action: WriteScreenAction::Copy,
+        emit: WriteScreenFormat::Plain,
+    };
+    pub const PASTE: WriteScreen = WriteScreen {
+        action: WriteScreenAction::Paste,
+        emit: WriteScreenFormat::Plain,
+    };
+    pub const OPEN: WriteScreen = WriteScreen {
+        action: WriteScreenAction::Open,
+        emit: WriteScreenFormat::Plain,
+    };
+
+    pub fn parse(param: &str) -> Result<WriteScreen, Error> {
+        let pe = |s: &str| WriteScreenAction::from_name(s).ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat);
+        // If we don't have a `,`, default to the plain format. This is
+        // also very important for backwards compatibility before Ghostty
+        // 1.3 which didn't support output formats.
+        let Some(idx) = param.find(',') else {
+            return Ok(WriteScreen {
+                action: pe(param)?,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Plain,
+            });
+        };
+        Ok(WriteScreen {
+            action: pe(&param[..idx])?,
+            emit: WriteScreenFormat::from_name(&param[idx + 1..]).ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn parse_param(s: &str) -> Result<WriteScreen, Error> {
+        WriteScreen::parse(s)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn format_into(self, out: &mut String) {
+        out.push_str(self.action.name());
+        out.push(',');
+        out.push_str(self.emit.name());
+    }
+}
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum InspectorMode {
+        Toggle => "toggle",
+        Show => "show",
+        Hide => "hide",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(InspectorMode);
+
+str_enum! {
+    pub enum CloseTabMode {
+        This => "this",
+        Other => "other",
+        Right => "right",
+    }
+}
+plain_param!(CloseTabMode);
+
+impl CloseTabMode {
+    pub const DEFAULT: CloseTabMode = CloseTabMode::This;
+}
+
+/// Integer / float parameter parsing (`parseInt`/`parseFloat`).
+pub(super) trait ParseNum: Sized {
+    fn parse_param(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Error>;
+}
+
+macro_rules! num_param {
+    ($($t:ty),*) => {$(
+        impl ParseNum for $t {
+            fn parse_param(s: &str) -> Result<$t, Error> {
+                s.parse::<$t>().map_err(|_| Error::InvalidFormat)
+            }
+        }
+    )*};
+}
+num_param!(f32, usize, isize, i16);
+
+/// Escape in the style of Zig's `std.zig.stringEscape`.
+pub(super) fn string_escape(s: &str, out: &mut String) {
+    use std::fmt::Write;
+    for &b in s.as_bytes() {
+        match b {
+            b'\n' => out.push_str("\\n"),
+            b'\r' => out.push_str("\\r"),
+            b'\t' => out.push_str("\\t"),
+            b'\\' => out.push_str("\\\\"),
+            b'"' => out.push_str("\\\""),
+            b'\'' | b' ' | b'!' | b'#'..=b'&' | b'('..=b'[' | b']'..=b'~' => out.push(b as char),
+            _ => {
+                let _ = write!(out, "\\x{b:02x}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for Action {}
+
+impl Hash for Action {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.hash_into(state);
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Action {
+    /// Encodes the action back into the format used by `parse`.
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let mut s = String::new();
+        self.fmt_into(&mut s);
+        f.write_str(&s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Action {
+    /// Parse an action in the format of "key=value" where key is the
+    /// action name and value is the action parameter. The parameter
+    /// is optional depending on the action.
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Action, Error> {
+        // Split our action by colon. A colon may not exist for some
+        // actions so it is optional. The part preceding the colon is the
+        // action name.
+        let colon_idx = input.find(':');
+        let action = &input[..colon_idx.unwrap_or(input.len())];
+
+        // An action name is always required
+        if action.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+        }
+
+        Action::parse_named(action, colon_idx.map(|i| &input[i + 1..]))
+    }
+
+    /// The action name (Zig `@tagName`).
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        self.key().name()
+    }
+
+    /// The doc comment of this action.
+    pub fn docs(&self) -> &'static str {
+        self.key().docs()
+    }
+
+    /// A hash code that can be used to uniquely identify this action.
+    pub fn hash(&self) -> u64 {
+        let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
+        self.hash_into(&mut h);
+        h.finish()
+    }
+
+    /// Compares two actions for equality.
+    pub fn equal(&self, other: &Action) -> bool {
+        self == other
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the action if it is of the given scope (Zig `scoped`).
+    ///
+    /// DEVIATION: Zig returns a distinct comptime-generated union type; here
+    /// the same `Action` type is returned.
+    pub fn scoped(&self, s: Scope) -> Option<&Action> {
+        (self.scope() == s).then_some(self)
+    }
+}
+
+// @generated-once from ZIG/src/input/Binding.zig `Action` (see gen script in notes); now maintained by hand.
+
+/// The set of actions that a keybinding can take.
+///
+/// The per-action documentation (printed by `ghostty +list-actions --docs`)
+/// is available through [`Action::docs`] / [`ActionKey::docs`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Action {
+    // Ignore this key combination.
+    //
+    // Ghostty will not process this combination nor forward it to the child
+    // process within the terminal, but it may still be processed by the OS or
+    // other applications.
+    Ignore,
+    // Unbind a previously bound key binding.
+    //
+    // This cannot unbind bindings that were not bound by Ghostty or the user
+    // (e.g. bindings set by the OS or some other application).
+    Unbind,
+    // Send a CSI sequence.
+    //
+    // The value should be the CSI sequence without the CSI header (`ESC [` or
+    // `\x1b[`).
+    //
+    // For example, `csi:0m` can be sent to reset all styles of the current text.
+    Csi(String),
+    // Send an `ESC` sequence.
+    Esc(String),
+    // Send the specified text.
+    //
+    // Uses Zig string literal syntax. This is currently not validated.
+    // If the text is invalid (i.e. contains an invalid escape sequence),
+    // the error will currently only show up in logs.
+    Text(String),
+    // Send data to the pty depending on whether cursor key mode is enabled
+    // (`application`) or disabled (`normal`).
+    CursorKey(CursorKey),
+    // Reset the terminal.
+    //
+    // This can fix a lot of issues when a running program puts the terminal
+    // into a broken state, equivalent to running the `reset` command.
+    //
+    // If you do this while in a TUI program such as vim, this may break
+    // the program. If you do this while in a shell, you may have to press
+    // enter after to get a new prompt.
+    Reset,
+    // Copy the selected text to the clipboard.
+    CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard),
+    // Paste the contents of the default clipboard.
+    PasteFromClipboard,
+    // Paste the contents of the selection clipboard.
+    PasteFromSelection,
+    // If there is a URL under the cursor, copy it to the default clipboard.
+    CopyUrlToClipboard,
+    // Copy the terminal title to the clipboard. If the terminal title is not
+    // set or is empty this has no effect.
+    CopyTitleToClipboard,
+    // Increase the font size by the specified amount in points (pt).
+    //
+    // For example, `increase_font_size:1.5` will increase the font size
+    // by 1.5 points.
+    IncreaseFontSize(f32),
+    // Decrease the font size by the specified amount in points (pt).
+    //
+    // For example, `decrease_font_size:1.5` will decrease the font size
+    // by 1.5 points.
+    DecreaseFontSize(f32),
+    // Reset the font size to the original configured size.
+    ResetFontSize,
+    // Set the font size to the specified size in points (pt).
+    //
+    // For example, `set_font_size:14.5` will set the font size
+    // to 14.5 points.
+    SetFontSize(f32),
+    // Start a search for the given text. If the text is empty, then
+    // the search is canceled. A canceled search will not disable any GUI
+    // elements showing search. For that, the explicit end_search binding
+    // should be used.
+    //
+    // If a previous search is active, it is replaced.
+    Search(String),
+    // Start a search for the current text selection. If there is no
+    // selection, this does nothing. If a search is already active, this
+    // changes the search terms.
+    SearchSelection,
+    // Navigate the search results. If there is no active search, this
+    // is not performed.
+    NavigateSearch(NavigateSearch),
+    // Start a search if it isn't started already. This doesn't set any
+    // search terms, but opens the UI for searching.
+    StartSearch,
+    // End the current search if any and hide any GUI elements.
+    EndSearch,
+    // Clear the screen and all scrollback.
+    ClearScreen,
+    // Select all text on the screen.
+    SelectAll,
+    // Scroll to the top of the screen.
+    ScrollToTop,
+    // Scroll to the bottom of the screen.
+    ScrollToBottom,
+    // Scroll to the selected text.
+    ScrollToSelection,
+    // Scroll to the given absolute row in the screen with 0 being
+    // the first row.
+    ScrollToRow(usize),
+    // Scroll the screen up by one page.
+    ScrollPageUp,
+    // Scroll the screen down by one page.
+    ScrollPageDown,
+    // Scroll the screen by the specified fraction of a page.
+    //
+    // Positive values scroll downwards, and negative values scroll upwards.
+    //
+    // For example, `scroll_page_fractional:0.5` would scroll the screen
+    // downwards by half a page, while `scroll_page_fractional:-1.5` would
+    // scroll it upwards by one and a half pages.
+    ScrollPageFractional(f32),
+    // Scroll the screen by the specified amount of lines.
+    //
+    // Positive values scroll downwards, and negative values scroll upwards.
+    //
+    // For example, `scroll_page_lines:3` would scroll the screen downwards
+    // by 3 lines, while `scroll_page_lines:-10` would scroll it upwards by 10
+    // lines.
+    ScrollPageLines(i16),
+    // Adjust the current selection in the given direction or position,
+    // relative to the cursor.
+    //
+    // WARNING: This does not create a new selection, and does nothing when
+    // there currently isn't one.
+    //
+    // Valid arguments are:
+    //
+    //   - `left`, `right`
+    //
+    //     Adjust the selection one cell to the left or right respectively.
+    //
+    //   - `up`, `down`
+    //
+    //     Adjust the selection one line upwards or downwards respectively.
+    //
+    //   - `page_up`, `page_down`
+    //
+    //     Adjust the selection one page upwards or downwards respectively.
+    //
+    //   - `home`, `end`
+    //
+    //     Adjust the selection to the top-left or the bottom-right corner
+    //     of the screen respectively.
+    //
+    //   - `beginning_of_line`, `end_of_line`
+    //
+    //     Adjust the selection to the beginning or the end of the line
+    //     respectively.
+    //
+    AdjustSelection(AdjustSelection),
+    // Jump the viewport forward or back by the given number of prompts.
+    //
+    // Requires shell integration.
+    //
+    // Positive values scroll downwards, and negative values scroll upwards.
+    JumpToPrompt(i16),
+    // Write the entire scrollback into a temporary file with the specified
+    // action. The action determines what to do with the filepath.
+    //
+    // Valid actions are:
+    //
+    //   - `copy`
+    //
+    //     Copy the file path into the clipboard.
+    //
+    //   - `paste`
+    //
+    //     Paste the file path into the terminal.
+    //
+    //   - `open`
+    //
+    //     Open the file in the default OS editor for text files.
+    //
+    //     The default OS editor is determined by using `open` on macOS
+    //     and `xdg-open` on Linux.
+    //
+    WriteScrollbackFile(WriteScreen),
+    // Write the contents of the screen into a temporary file with the
+    // specified action.
+    //
+    // See `write_scrollback_file` for possible actions.
+    WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen),
+    // Write the currently selected text into a temporary file with the
+    // specified action.
+    //
+    // See `write_scrollback_file` for possible actions.
+    //
+    // Does nothing when no text is selected.
+    WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen),
+    // Open a new window.
+    //
+    // If the application isn't currently focused,
+    // this will bring it to the front.
+    NewWindow,
+    // Open a new tab.
+    NewTab,
+    // Go to the previous tab.
+    PreviousTab,
+    // Go to the next tab.
+    NextTab,
+    // Go to the last tab.
+    LastTab,
+    // Go to the tab with the specific index, starting from 1.
+    //
+    // If the tab number is higher than the number of tabs,
+    // this will go to the last tab.
+    GotoTab(usize),
+    // Moves a tab by a relative offset.
+    //
+    // Positive values move the tab forwards, and negative values move it
+    // backwards. If the new position is out of bounds, it is wrapped around
+    // cyclically within the tab list.
+    //
+    // For example, `move_tab:1` moves the tab one position forwards, and if
+    // it was already the last tab in the list, it wraps around and becomes
+    // the first tab in the list. Likewise, `move_tab:-1` moves the tab one
+    // position backwards, and if it was the first tab, then it will become
+    // the last tab.
+    MoveTab(isize),
+    // Toggle the tab overview.
+    //
+    // This is only supported on Linux and when the system's libadwaita
+    // version is 1.4 or newer. The current libadwaita version can be
+    // found by running `ghostty +version`.
+    ToggleTabOverview,
+    // Change the title of the current focused surface via a pop-up prompt.
+    PromptSurfaceTitle,
+    // Change the title of the current tab via a pop-up prompt. The
+    // title set via this prompt overrides any title set by the terminal
+    // and persists across focus changes within the tab.
+    PromptTabTitle,
+    // Set the title for the current focused surface.
+    //
+    // If the title is empty, the surface title is reset to an empty title.
+    SetSurfaceTitle(String),
+    // Set the title for the current focused tab.
+    //
+    // If the title is empty, the tab title override is cleared.
+    SetTabTitle(String),
+    // Create a new split in the specified direction.
+    //
+    // Valid arguments:
+    //
+    //   - `right`, `down`, `left`, `up`
+    //
+    //     Creates a new split in the corresponding direction.
+    //
+    //   - `auto`
+    //
+    //     Creates a new split along the larger direction.
+    //     For example, if the parent split is currently wider than it is tall,
+    //     then a left-right split would be created, and vice versa.
+    //
+    NewSplit(SplitDirection),
+    // Focus on a split either in the specified direction (`right`, `down`,
+    // `left` and `up`), or in the adjacent split in the order of creation
+    // (`previous` and `next`).
+    GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection),
+    // Focus on either the previous window or the next one ('previous', 'next')
+    GotoWindow(GotoWindow),
+    // Zoom in or out of the current split.
+    //
+    // When a split is zoomed into, it will take up the entire space in
+    // the current tab, hiding other splits. The tab or tab bar would also
+    // reflect this by displaying an icon indicating the zoomed state.
+    ToggleSplitZoom,
+    // Toggle read-only mode for the current surface.
+    //
+    // When a surface is in read-only mode:
+    //   - No input is sent to the PTY (mouse events, key encoding)
+    //   - Input can still be used at the terminal level to make selections,
+    //     copy/paste (keybinds), scroll, etc.
+    //   - Warn before quit is always enabled in this state even if an active
+    //     process is not running
+    ToggleReadonly,
+    // Resize the current split in the specified direction and amount in
+    // pixels. The two arguments should be joined with a comma (`,`),
+    // like in `resize_split:up,10`.
+    ResizeSplit(SplitResizeParameter),
+    // Equalize the size of all splits in the current window.
+    EqualizeSplits,
+    // Reset the window to the default size. The "default size" is the
+    // size that a new window would be created with. This has no effect
+    // if the window is fullscreen.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on macOS.
+    ResetWindowSize,
+    // Control the visibility of the terminal inspector.
+    //
+    // Valid arguments: `toggle`, `show`, `hide`.
+    Inspector(InspectorMode),
+    // Show the GTK inspector.
+    //
+    // Has no effect on macOS.
+    ShowGtkInspector,
+    // Show the on-screen keyboard if one is present.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on Linux (GTK). On GNOME, the "Screen Keyboard"
+    // accessibility feature must be turned on, which can be found under
+    // Settings > Accessibility > Typing. Other platforms are as of now
+    // untested.
+    ShowOnScreenKeyboard,
+    // Open the configuration file in the default OS editor.
+    //
+    // If your default OS editor isn't configured then this will fail.
+    // Currently, any failures to open the configuration will show up only in
+    // the logs.
+    OpenConfig,
+    // Reload the configuration.
+    //
+    // The exact meaning depends on the app runtime in use, but this usually
+    // involves re-reading the configuration file and applying any changes
+    // Note that not all changes can be applied at runtime.
+    ReloadConfig,
+    // Close the current "surface", whether that is a window, tab, split, etc.
+    //
+    // This might trigger a close confirmation popup, depending on the value
+    // of the `confirm-close-surface` configuration setting.
+    CloseSurface,
+    // Close the current tab and all splits therein, close all other tabs, or
+    // close every tab to the right of the current one depending on the mode.
+    //
+    // If the mode is not specified, defaults to closing the current tab.
+    //
+    // This might trigger a close confirmation popup, depending on the value
+    // of the `confirm-close-surface` configuration setting.
+    CloseTab(CloseTabMode),
+    // Close the current window and all tabs and splits therein.
+    //
+    // This might trigger a close confirmation popup, depending on the value
+    // of the `confirm-close-surface` configuration setting.
+    CloseWindow,
+    // Close all windows.
+    //
+    // WARNING: This action has been deprecated and has no effect on either
+    // Linux or macOS. Users are instead encouraged to use `all:close_window`
+    // instead.
+    CloseAllWindows,
+    // Maximize or unmaximize the current window.
+    //
+    // This has no effect on macOS as it does not have the concept of
+    // maximized windows.
+    ToggleMaximize,
+    // Fullscreen or unfullscreen the current window.
+    ToggleFullscreen,
+    // Toggle window decorations (titlebar, buttons, etc.) for the current window.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on Linux.
+    ToggleWindowDecorations,
+    // Toggle whether the terminal window should always float on top of other
+    // windows even when unfocused.
+    //
+    // Terminal windows always start as normal (not float-on-top) windows.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on macOS.
+    ToggleWindowFloatOnTop,
+    // Toggle secure input mode.
+    //
+    // This is used to prevent apps from monitoring your keyboard input
+    // when entering passwords or other sensitive information.
+    //
+    // This applies to the entire application, not just the focused terminal.
+    // You must manually untoggle it or quit Ghostty entirely to disable it.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on macOS, as this uses a built-in system API.
+    ToggleSecureInput,
+    // Toggle mouse reporting on or off.
+    //
+    // When mouse reporting is disabled, mouse events will not be reported to
+    // terminal applications even if they request it. This allows you to always
+    // use the mouse for selection and other terminal UI interactions without
+    // applications capturing mouse input.
+    //
+    // This can also be controlled via the `mouse-reporting` configuration
+    // option.
+    ToggleMouseReporting,
+    // Toggle the command palette.
+    //
+    // The command palette is a popup that lets you see what actions
+    // you can perform, their associated keybindings (if any), a search bar
+    // to filter the actions, and the ability to then execute the action.
+    //
+    // This requires libadwaita 1.5 or newer on Linux. The current libadwaita
+    // version can be found by running `ghostty +version`.
+    ToggleCommandPalette,
+    // Toggle the quick terminal.
+    //
+    // The quick terminal, also known as the "Quake-style" or drop-down
+    // terminal, is a terminal window that appears on demand from a keybinding,
+    // often sliding in from a screen edge such as the top. This is useful for
+    // quick access to a terminal without having to open a new window or tab.
+    //
+    // The terminal state is preserved between appearances, so showing the
+    // quick terminal after it was already hidden would display the same
+    // window instead of creating a new one.
+    //
+    // As quick terminals are often useful when other windows are currently
+    // focused, they are best used with *global* keybinds. For example, one
+    // can define the following key bind to toggle the quick terminal from
+    // anywhere within the system by pressing `` Cmd+` ``:
+    //
+    // ```ini
+    // keybind = global:cmd+backquote=toggle_quick_terminal
+    // ```
+    //
+    // The quick terminal has some limitations:
+    //
+    //   - Only one quick terminal instance can exist at a time.
+    //
+    //   - Unlike normal terminal windows, the quick terminal will not be
+    //     restored when the application is restarted on systems that support
+    //     window restoration like macOS.
+    //
+    //   - On Linux, the quick terminal is only supported on Wayland and not
+    //     X11, and only on Wayland compositors that support the `wlr-layer-shell-v1`
+    //     protocol. In practice, this means that only GNOME users would not be
+    //     able to use this feature.
+    //
+    //   - On Linux, slide-in animations are only supported on KDE, and when
+    //     the "Sliding Popups" KWin plugin is enabled.
+    //
+    //     If you do not have this plugin enabled, open System Settings > Apps
+    //     & Windows > Window Management > Desktop Effects, and enable the
+    //     plugin in the plugin list. Ghostty would then need to be restarted
+    //     fully for this to take effect.
+    //
+    //   - Quick terminal tabs are only supported on Linux and not on macOS.
+    //     This is because tabs on macOS require a title bar.
+    //
+    //   - On macOS, a fullscreened quick terminal will always be in non-native
+    //     fullscreen mode. This is a requirement due to how the quick terminal
+    //     is rendered.
+    //
+    // See the various configurations for the quick terminal in the
+    // configuration file to customize its behavior.
+    ToggleQuickTerminal,
+    // Show or hide all windows. If all windows become shown, we also ensure
+    // Ghostty becomes focused. When hiding all windows, focus is yielded
+    // to the next application as determined by the OS.
+    //
+    // Note: When the focused surface is fullscreen, this method does nothing.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on macOS.
+    ToggleVisibility,
+    // Toggle the window background opacity between transparent and opaque.
+    //
+    // This does nothing when `background-opacity` is set to 1 or above.
+    //
+    // When `background-opacity` is less than 1, this action will either make
+    // the window transparent or not depending on its current transparency state.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on macOS.
+    ToggleBackgroundOpacity,
+    // Check for updates.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on macOS.
+    CheckForUpdates,
+    // Undo the last undoable action for the focused surface or terminal,
+    // if possible. This can undo actions such as closing tabs or
+    // windows.
+    //
+    // Not every action in Ghostty can be undone or redone. The list
+    // of actions support undo/redo is currently limited to:
+    //
+    //   - New window, close window
+    //   - New tab, close tab
+    //   - New split, close split
+    //
+    // All actions are only undoable/redoable for a limited time.
+    // For example, restoring a closed split can only be done for
+    // some number of seconds since the split was closed. The exact
+    // amount is configured with the `undo-timeout` configuration settings.
+    //
+    // The undo/redo actions being limited ensures that there is
+    // bounded memory usage over time, closed surfaces don't continue running
+    // in the background indefinitely, and the keybinds become available
+    // for terminal applications to use.
+    //
+    // Only implemented on macOS.
+    Undo,
+    // Redo the last undoable action for the focused surface or terminal,
+    // if possible. See "undo" for more details on what can and cannot
+    // be undone or redone.
+    Redo,
+    // End the currently active key sequence, if any, and flush the
+    // keys up to this point to the terminal, excluding the key that
+    // triggered this action.
+    //
+    // For example: `ctrl+w>escape=end_key_sequence` would encode
+    // `ctrl+w` to the terminal and exit the key sequence.
+    //
+    // Normally, an invalid sequence will reset the key sequence and
+    // flush all data including the invalid key. This action allows
+    // you to flush only the prior keys, which is useful when you want
+    // to bind something like a control key (`ctrl+w`) but not send
+    // additional inputs.
+    EndKeySequence,
+    // Activate a named key table (see `keybind` configuration documentation).
+    // The named key table will remain active until `deactivate_key_table`
+    // is called. If you want a one-shot key table activation, use the
+    // `activate_key_table_once` action instead.
+    //
+    // If the named key table does not exist, this action has no effect
+    // and performable will report false.
+    //
+    // If the named key table is already the currently active key table,
+    // this action has no effect and performable will report false.
+    ActivateKeyTable(String),
+    // Same as activate_key_table, but the key table will only be active
+    // until the first valid keybinding from that table is used (including
+    // any defined `catch_all` bindings).
+    //
+    // The "once" check is only done if this is the currently active
+    // key table. If another key table is activated later, then this
+    // table will remain active until it pops back out to being the
+    // active key table.
+    ActivateKeyTableOnce(String),
+    // Deactivate the currently active key table, if any. The next most
+    // recently activated key table (if any) will become active again.
+    // If no key table is active, this action has no effect.
+    DeactivateKeyTable,
+    // Deactivate all active key tables. If no active key table exists,
+    // this will report performable as false.
+    DeactivateAllKeyTables,
+    // Quit Ghostty.
+    Quit,
+    // Crash Ghostty in the desired thread for the focused surface.
+    //
+    // WARNING: This is a hard crash (panic) and data can be lost.
+    //
+    // The purpose of this action is to test crash handling. For some
+    // users, it may be useful to test crash reporting functionality in
+    // order to determine if it all works as expected.
+    //
+    // The value determines the crash location:
+    //
+    //   - `main`
+    //
+    //     Crash on the main (GUI) thread.
+    //
+    //   - `io`
+    //
+    //     Crash on the IO thread for the focused surface.
+    //
+    //   - `render`
+    //
+    //     Crash on the render thread for the focused surface.
+    //
+    Crash(CrashThread),
+}
+
+/// The tag of an [`Action`] (Zig `Action.Key`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub enum ActionKey {
+    Ignore,
+    Unbind,
+    Csi,
+    Esc,
+    Text,
+    CursorKey,
+    Reset,
+    CopyToClipboard,
+    PasteFromClipboard,
+    PasteFromSelection,
+    CopyUrlToClipboard,
+    CopyTitleToClipboard,
+    IncreaseFontSize,
+    DecreaseFontSize,
+    ResetFontSize,
+    SetFontSize,
+    Search,
+    SearchSelection,
+    NavigateSearch,
+    StartSearch,
+    EndSearch,
+    ClearScreen,
+    SelectAll,
+    ScrollToTop,
+    ScrollToBottom,
+    ScrollToSelection,
+    ScrollToRow,
+    ScrollPageUp,
+    ScrollPageDown,
+    ScrollPageFractional,
+    ScrollPageLines,
+    AdjustSelection,
+    JumpToPrompt,
+    WriteScrollbackFile,
+    WriteScreenFile,
+    WriteSelectionFile,
+    NewWindow,
+    NewTab,
+    PreviousTab,
+    NextTab,
+    LastTab,
+    GotoTab,
+    MoveTab,
+    ToggleTabOverview,
+    PromptSurfaceTitle,
+    PromptTabTitle,
+    SetSurfaceTitle,
+    SetTabTitle,
+    NewSplit,
+    GotoSplit,
+    GotoWindow,
+    ToggleSplitZoom,
+    ToggleReadonly,
+    ResizeSplit,
+    EqualizeSplits,
+    ResetWindowSize,
+    Inspector,
+    ShowGtkInspector,
+    ShowOnScreenKeyboard,
+    OpenConfig,
+    ReloadConfig,
+    CloseSurface,
+    CloseTab,
+    CloseWindow,
+    CloseAllWindows,
+    ToggleMaximize,
+    ToggleFullscreen,
+    ToggleWindowDecorations,
+    ToggleWindowFloatOnTop,
+    ToggleSecureInput,
+    ToggleMouseReporting,
+    ToggleCommandPalette,
+    ToggleQuickTerminal,
+    ToggleVisibility,
+    ToggleBackgroundOpacity,
+    CheckForUpdates,
+    Undo,
+    Redo,
+    EndKeySequence,
+    ActivateKeyTable,
+    ActivateKeyTableOnce,
+    DeactivateKeyTable,
+    DeactivateAllKeyTables,
+    Quit,
+    Crash,
+}
+
+impl ActionKey {
+    /// All action keys in declaration order.
+    pub const ALL: &'static [ActionKey] = &[
+        ActionKey::Ignore,
+        ActionKey::Unbind,
+        ActionKey::Csi,
+        ActionKey::Esc,
+        ActionKey::Text,
+        ActionKey::CursorKey,
+        ActionKey::Reset,
+        ActionKey::CopyToClipboard,
+        ActionKey::PasteFromClipboard,
+        ActionKey::PasteFromSelection,
+        ActionKey::CopyUrlToClipboard,
+        ActionKey::CopyTitleToClipboard,
+        ActionKey::IncreaseFontSize,
+        ActionKey::DecreaseFontSize,
+        ActionKey::ResetFontSize,
+        ActionKey::SetFontSize,
+        ActionKey::Search,
+        ActionKey::SearchSelection,
+        ActionKey::NavigateSearch,
+        ActionKey::StartSearch,
+        ActionKey::EndSearch,
+        ActionKey::ClearScreen,
+        ActionKey::SelectAll,
+        ActionKey::ScrollToTop,
+        ActionKey::ScrollToBottom,
+        ActionKey::ScrollToSelection,
+        ActionKey::ScrollToRow,
+        ActionKey::ScrollPageUp,
+        ActionKey::ScrollPageDown,
+        ActionKey::ScrollPageFractional,
+        ActionKey::ScrollPageLines,
+        ActionKey::AdjustSelection,
+        ActionKey::JumpToPrompt,
+        ActionKey::WriteScrollbackFile,
+        ActionKey::WriteScreenFile,
+        ActionKey::WriteSelectionFile,
+        ActionKey::NewWindow,
+        ActionKey::NewTab,
+        ActionKey::PreviousTab,
+        ActionKey::NextTab,
+        ActionKey::LastTab,
+        ActionKey::GotoTab,
+        ActionKey::MoveTab,
+        ActionKey::ToggleTabOverview,
+        ActionKey::PromptSurfaceTitle,
+        ActionKey::PromptTabTitle,
+        ActionKey::SetSurfaceTitle,
+        ActionKey::SetTabTitle,
+        ActionKey::NewSplit,
+        ActionKey::GotoSplit,
+        ActionKey::GotoWindow,
+        ActionKey::ToggleSplitZoom,
+        ActionKey::ToggleReadonly,
+        ActionKey::ResizeSplit,
+        ActionKey::EqualizeSplits,
+        ActionKey::ResetWindowSize,
+        ActionKey::Inspector,
+        ActionKey::ShowGtkInspector,
+        ActionKey::ShowOnScreenKeyboard,
+        ActionKey::OpenConfig,
+        ActionKey::ReloadConfig,
+        ActionKey::CloseSurface,
+        ActionKey::CloseTab,
+        ActionKey::CloseWindow,
+        ActionKey::CloseAllWindows,
+        ActionKey::ToggleMaximize,
+        ActionKey::ToggleFullscreen,
+        ActionKey::ToggleWindowDecorations,
+        ActionKey::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop,
+        ActionKey::ToggleSecureInput,
+        ActionKey::ToggleMouseReporting,
+        ActionKey::ToggleCommandPalette,
+        ActionKey::ToggleQuickTerminal,
+        ActionKey::ToggleVisibility,
+        ActionKey::ToggleBackgroundOpacity,
+        ActionKey::CheckForUpdates,
+        ActionKey::Undo,
+        ActionKey::Redo,
+        ActionKey::EndKeySequence,
+        ActionKey::ActivateKeyTable,
+        ActionKey::ActivateKeyTableOnce,
+        ActionKey::DeactivateKeyTable,
+        ActionKey::DeactivateAllKeyTables,
+        ActionKey::Quit,
+        ActionKey::Crash,
+    ];
+
+    /// The action name as used in keybind configuration.
+    pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            ActionKey::Ignore => "ignore",
+            ActionKey::Unbind => "unbind",
+            ActionKey::Csi => "csi",
+            ActionKey::Esc => "esc",
+            ActionKey::Text => "text",
+            ActionKey::CursorKey => "cursor_key",
+            ActionKey::Reset => "reset",
+            ActionKey::CopyToClipboard => "copy_to_clipboard",
+            ActionKey::PasteFromClipboard => "paste_from_clipboard",
+            ActionKey::PasteFromSelection => "paste_from_selection",
+            ActionKey::CopyUrlToClipboard => "copy_url_to_clipboard",
+            ActionKey::CopyTitleToClipboard => "copy_title_to_clipboard",
+            ActionKey::IncreaseFontSize => "increase_font_size",
+            ActionKey::DecreaseFontSize => "decrease_font_size",
+            ActionKey::ResetFontSize => "reset_font_size",
+            ActionKey::SetFontSize => "set_font_size",
+            ActionKey::Search => "search",
+            ActionKey::SearchSelection => "search_selection",
+            ActionKey::NavigateSearch => "navigate_search",
+            ActionKey::StartSearch => "start_search",
+            ActionKey::EndSearch => "end_search",
+            ActionKey::ClearScreen => "clear_screen",
+            ActionKey::SelectAll => "select_all",
+            ActionKey::ScrollToTop => "scroll_to_top",
+            ActionKey::ScrollToBottom => "scroll_to_bottom",
+            ActionKey::ScrollToSelection => "scroll_to_selection",
+            ActionKey::ScrollToRow => "scroll_to_row",
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageUp => "scroll_page_up",
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageDown => "scroll_page_down",
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageFractional => "scroll_page_fractional",
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageLines => "scroll_page_lines",
+            ActionKey::AdjustSelection => "adjust_selection",
+            ActionKey::JumpToPrompt => "jump_to_prompt",
+            ActionKey::WriteScrollbackFile => "write_scrollback_file",
+            ActionKey::WriteScreenFile => "write_screen_file",
+            ActionKey::WriteSelectionFile => "write_selection_file",
+            ActionKey::NewWindow => "new_window",
+            ActionKey::NewTab => "new_tab",
+            ActionKey::PreviousTab => "previous_tab",
+            ActionKey::NextTab => "next_tab",
+            ActionKey::LastTab => "last_tab",
+            ActionKey::GotoTab => "goto_tab",
+            ActionKey::MoveTab => "move_tab",
+            ActionKey::ToggleTabOverview => "toggle_tab_overview",
+            ActionKey::PromptSurfaceTitle => "prompt_surface_title",
+            ActionKey::PromptTabTitle => "prompt_tab_title",
+            ActionKey::SetSurfaceTitle => "set_surface_title",
+            ActionKey::SetTabTitle => "set_tab_title",
+            ActionKey::NewSplit => "new_split",
+            ActionKey::GotoSplit => "goto_split",
+            ActionKey::GotoWindow => "goto_window",
+            ActionKey::ToggleSplitZoom => "toggle_split_zoom",
+            ActionKey::ToggleReadonly => "toggle_readonly",
+            ActionKey::ResizeSplit => "resize_split",
+            ActionKey::EqualizeSplits => "equalize_splits",
+            ActionKey::ResetWindowSize => "reset_window_size",
+            ActionKey::Inspector => "inspector",
+            ActionKey::ShowGtkInspector => "show_gtk_inspector",
+            ActionKey::ShowOnScreenKeyboard => "show_on_screen_keyboard",
+            ActionKey::OpenConfig => "open_config",
+            ActionKey::ReloadConfig => "reload_config",
+            ActionKey::CloseSurface => "close_surface",
+            ActionKey::CloseTab => "close_tab",
+            ActionKey::CloseWindow => "close_window",
+            ActionKey::CloseAllWindows => "close_all_windows",
+            ActionKey::ToggleMaximize => "toggle_maximize",
+            ActionKey::ToggleFullscreen => "toggle_fullscreen",
+            ActionKey::ToggleWindowDecorations => "toggle_window_decorations",
+            ActionKey::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop => "toggle_window_float_on_top",
+            ActionKey::ToggleSecureInput => "toggle_secure_input",
+            ActionKey::ToggleMouseReporting => "toggle_mouse_reporting",
+            ActionKey::ToggleCommandPalette => "toggle_command_palette",
+            ActionKey::ToggleQuickTerminal => "toggle_quick_terminal",
+            ActionKey::ToggleVisibility => "toggle_visibility",
+            ActionKey::ToggleBackgroundOpacity => "toggle_background_opacity",
+            ActionKey::CheckForUpdates => "check_for_updates",
+            ActionKey::Undo => "undo",
+            ActionKey::Redo => "redo",
+            ActionKey::EndKeySequence => "end_key_sequence",
+            ActionKey::ActivateKeyTable => "activate_key_table",
+            ActionKey::ActivateKeyTableOnce => "activate_key_table_once",
+            ActionKey::DeactivateKeyTable => "deactivate_key_table",
+            ActionKey::DeactivateAllKeyTables => "deactivate_all_key_tables",
+            ActionKey::Quit => "quit",
+            ActionKey::Crash => "crash",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The doc comment of the action (Zig `help_strings.KeybindAction`).
+    pub fn docs(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            ActionKey::Ignore => {
+                r##"Ignore this key combination.
+
+Ghostty will not process this combination nor forward it to the child
+process within the terminal, but it may still be processed by the OS or
+other applications.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Unbind => {
+                r##"Unbind a previously bound key binding.
+
+This cannot unbind bindings that were not bound by Ghostty or the user
+(e.g. bindings set by the OS or some other application).
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Csi => {
+                r##"Send a CSI sequence.
+
+The value should be the CSI sequence without the CSI header (`ESC [` or
+`\x1b[`).
+
+For example, `csi:0m` can be sent to reset all styles of the current text.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Esc => {
+                r##"Send an `ESC` sequence.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Text => {
+                r##"Send the specified text.
+
+Uses Zig string literal syntax. This is currently not validated.
+If the text is invalid (i.e. contains an invalid escape sequence),
+the error will currently only show up in logs.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CursorKey => {
+                r##"Send data to the pty depending on whether cursor key mode is enabled
+(`application`) or disabled (`normal`).
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Reset => {
+                r##"Reset the terminal.
+
+This can fix a lot of issues when a running program puts the terminal
+into a broken state, equivalent to running the `reset` command.
+
+If you do this while in a TUI program such as vim, this may break
+the program. If you do this while in a shell, you may have to press
+enter after to get a new prompt.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CopyToClipboard => {
+                r##"Copy the selected text to the clipboard.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::PasteFromClipboard => {
+                r##"Paste the contents of the default clipboard.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::PasteFromSelection => {
+                r##"Paste the contents of the selection clipboard.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CopyUrlToClipboard => {
+                r##"If there is a URL under the cursor, copy it to the default clipboard.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CopyTitleToClipboard => {
+                r##"Copy the terminal title to the clipboard. If the terminal title is not
+set or is empty this has no effect.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::IncreaseFontSize => {
+                r##"Increase the font size by the specified amount in points (pt).
+
+For example, `increase_font_size:1.5` will increase the font size
+by 1.5 points.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::DecreaseFontSize => {
+                r##"Decrease the font size by the specified amount in points (pt).
+
+For example, `decrease_font_size:1.5` will decrease the font size
+by 1.5 points.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ResetFontSize => {
+                r##"Reset the font size to the original configured size.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::SetFontSize => {
+                r##"Set the font size to the specified size in points (pt).
+
+For example, `set_font_size:14.5` will set the font size
+to 14.5 points.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Search => {
+                r##"Start a search for the given text. If the text is empty, then
+the search is canceled. A canceled search will not disable any GUI
+elements showing search. For that, the explicit end_search binding
+should be used.
+
+If a previous search is active, it is replaced.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::SearchSelection => {
+                r##"Start a search for the current text selection. If there is no
+selection, this does nothing. If a search is already active, this
+changes the search terms.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::NavigateSearch => {
+                r##"Navigate the search results. If there is no active search, this
+is not performed.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::StartSearch => {
+                r##"Start a search if it isn't started already. This doesn't set any
+search terms, but opens the UI for searching.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::EndSearch => {
+                r##"End the current search if any and hide any GUI elements.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ClearScreen => {
+                r##"Clear the screen and all scrollback.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::SelectAll => {
+                r##"Select all text on the screen.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollToTop => {
+                r##"Scroll to the top of the screen.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollToBottom => {
+                r##"Scroll to the bottom of the screen.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollToSelection => {
+                r##"Scroll to the selected text.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollToRow => {
+                r##"Scroll to the given absolute row in the screen with 0 being
+the first row.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageUp => {
+                r##"Scroll the screen up by one page.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageDown => {
+                r##"Scroll the screen down by one page.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageFractional => {
+                r##"Scroll the screen by the specified fraction of a page.
+
+Positive values scroll downwards, and negative values scroll upwards.
+
+For example, `scroll_page_fractional:0.5` would scroll the screen
+downwards by half a page, while `scroll_page_fractional:-1.5` would
+scroll it upwards by one and a half pages.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ScrollPageLines => {
+                r##"Scroll the screen by the specified amount of lines.
+
+Positive values scroll downwards, and negative values scroll upwards.
+
+For example, `scroll_page_lines:3` would scroll the screen downwards
+by 3 lines, while `scroll_page_lines:-10` would scroll it upwards by 10
+lines.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::AdjustSelection => {
+                r##"Adjust the current selection in the given direction or position,
+relative to the cursor.
+
+WARNING: This does not create a new selection, and does nothing when
+there currently isn't one.
+
+Valid arguments are:
+
+  - `left`, `right`
+
+    Adjust the selection one cell to the left or right respectively.
+
+  - `up`, `down`
+
+    Adjust the selection one line upwards or downwards respectively.
+
+  - `page_up`, `page_down`
+
+    Adjust the selection one page upwards or downwards respectively.
+
+  - `home`, `end`
+
+    Adjust the selection to the top-left or the bottom-right corner
+    of the screen respectively.
+
+  - `beginning_of_line`, `end_of_line`
+
+    Adjust the selection to the beginning or the end of the line
+    respectively.
+
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::JumpToPrompt => {
+                r##"Jump the viewport forward or back by the given number of prompts.
+
+Requires shell integration.
+
+Positive values scroll downwards, and negative values scroll upwards.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::WriteScrollbackFile => {
+                r##"Write the entire scrollback into a temporary file with the specified
+action. The action determines what to do with the filepath.
+
+Valid actions are:
+
+  - `copy`
+
+    Copy the file path into the clipboard.
+
+  - `paste`
+
+    Paste the file path into the terminal.
+
+  - `open`
+
+    Open the file in the default OS editor for text files.
+
+    The default OS editor is determined by using `open` on macOS
+    and `xdg-open` on Linux.
+
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::WriteScreenFile => {
+                r##"Write the contents of the screen into a temporary file with the
+specified action.
+
+See `write_scrollback_file` for possible actions.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::WriteSelectionFile => {
+                r##"Write the currently selected text into a temporary file with the
+specified action.
+
+See `write_scrollback_file` for possible actions.
+
+Does nothing when no text is selected.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::NewWindow => {
+                r##"Open a new window.
+
+If the application isn't currently focused,
+this will bring it to the front.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::NewTab => {
+                r##"Open a new tab.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::PreviousTab => {
+                r##"Go to the previous tab.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::NextTab => {
+                r##"Go to the next tab.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::LastTab => {
+                r##"Go to the last tab.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::GotoTab => {
+                r##"Go to the tab with the specific index, starting from 1.
+
+If the tab number is higher than the number of tabs,
+this will go to the last tab.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::MoveTab => {
+                r##"Moves a tab by a relative offset.
+
+Positive values move the tab forwards, and negative values move it
+backwards. If the new position is out of bounds, it is wrapped around
+cyclically within the tab list.
+
+For example, `move_tab:1` moves the tab one position forwards, and if
+it was already the last tab in the list, it wraps around and becomes
+the first tab in the list. Likewise, `move_tab:-1` moves the tab one
+position backwards, and if it was the first tab, then it will become
+the last tab.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleTabOverview => {
+                r##"Toggle the tab overview.
+
+This is only supported on Linux and when the system's libadwaita
+version is 1.4 or newer. The current libadwaita version can be
+found by running `ghostty +version`.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::PromptSurfaceTitle => {
+                r##"Change the title of the current focused surface via a pop-up prompt.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::PromptTabTitle => {
+                r##"Change the title of the current tab via a pop-up prompt. The
+title set via this prompt overrides any title set by the terminal
+and persists across focus changes within the tab.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::SetSurfaceTitle => {
+                r##"Set the title for the current focused surface.
+
+If the title is empty, the surface title is reset to an empty title.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::SetTabTitle => {
+                r##"Set the title for the current focused tab.
+
+If the title is empty, the tab title override is cleared.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::NewSplit => {
+                r##"Create a new split in the specified direction.
+
+Valid arguments:
+
+  - `right`, `down`, `left`, `up`
+
+    Creates a new split in the corresponding direction.
+
+  - `auto`
+
+    Creates a new split along the larger direction.
+    For example, if the parent split is currently wider than it is tall,
+    then a left-right split would be created, and vice versa.
+
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::GotoSplit => {
+                r##"Focus on a split either in the specified direction (`right`, `down`,
+`left` and `up`), or in the adjacent split in the order of creation
+(`previous` and `next`).
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::GotoWindow => {
+                r##"Focus on either the previous window or the next one ('previous', 'next')
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleSplitZoom => {
+                r##"Zoom in or out of the current split.
+
+When a split is zoomed into, it will take up the entire space in
+the current tab, hiding other splits. The tab or tab bar would also
+reflect this by displaying an icon indicating the zoomed state.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleReadonly => {
+                r##"Toggle read-only mode for the current surface.
+
+When a surface is in read-only mode:
+  - No input is sent to the PTY (mouse events, key encoding)
+  - Input can still be used at the terminal level to make selections,
+    copy/paste (keybinds), scroll, etc.
+  - Warn before quit is always enabled in this state even if an active
+    process is not running
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ResizeSplit => {
+                r##"Resize the current split in the specified direction and amount in
+pixels. The two arguments should be joined with a comma (`,`),
+like in `resize_split:up,10`.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::EqualizeSplits => {
+                r##"Equalize the size of all splits in the current window.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ResetWindowSize => {
+                r##"Reset the window to the default size. The "default size" is the
+size that a new window would be created with. This has no effect
+if the window is fullscreen.
+
+Only implemented on macOS.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Inspector => {
+                r##"Control the visibility of the terminal inspector.
+
+Valid arguments: `toggle`, `show`, `hide`.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ShowGtkInspector => {
+                r##"Show the GTK inspector.
+
+Has no effect on macOS.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ShowOnScreenKeyboard => {
+                r##"Show the on-screen keyboard if one is present.
+
+Only implemented on Linux (GTK). On GNOME, the "Screen Keyboard"
+accessibility feature must be turned on, which can be found under
+Settings > Accessibility > Typing. Other platforms are as of now
+untested.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::OpenConfig => {
+                r##"Open the configuration file in the default OS editor.
+
+If your default OS editor isn't configured then this will fail.
+Currently, any failures to open the configuration will show up only in
+the logs.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ReloadConfig => {
+                r##"Reload the configuration.
+
+The exact meaning depends on the app runtime in use, but this usually
+involves re-reading the configuration file and applying any changes
+Note that not all changes can be applied at runtime.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CloseSurface => {
+                r##"Close the current "surface", whether that is a window, tab, split, etc.
+
+This might trigger a close confirmation popup, depending on the value
+of the `confirm-close-surface` configuration setting.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CloseTab => {
+                r##"Close the current tab and all splits therein, close all other tabs, or
+close every tab to the right of the current one depending on the mode.
+
+If the mode is not specified, defaults to closing the current tab.
+
+This might trigger a close confirmation popup, depending on the value
+of the `confirm-close-surface` configuration setting.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CloseWindow => {
+                r##"Close the current window and all tabs and splits therein.
+
+This might trigger a close confirmation popup, depending on the value
+of the `confirm-close-surface` configuration setting.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CloseAllWindows => {
+                r##"Close all windows.
+
+WARNING: This action has been deprecated and has no effect on either
+Linux or macOS. Users are instead encouraged to use `all:close_window`
+instead.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleMaximize => {
+                r##"Maximize or unmaximize the current window.
+
+This has no effect on macOS as it does not have the concept of
+maximized windows.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleFullscreen => {
+                r##"Fullscreen or unfullscreen the current window.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleWindowDecorations => {
+                r##"Toggle window decorations (titlebar, buttons, etc.) for the current window.
+
+Only implemented on Linux.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop => {
+                r##"Toggle whether the terminal window should always float on top of other
+windows even when unfocused.
+
+Terminal windows always start as normal (not float-on-top) windows.
+
+Only implemented on macOS.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleSecureInput => {
+                r##"Toggle secure input mode.
+
+This is used to prevent apps from monitoring your keyboard input
+when entering passwords or other sensitive information.
+
+This applies to the entire application, not just the focused terminal.
+You must manually untoggle it or quit Ghostty entirely to disable it.
+
+Only implemented on macOS, as this uses a built-in system API.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleMouseReporting => {
+                r##"Toggle mouse reporting on or off.
+
+When mouse reporting is disabled, mouse events will not be reported to
+terminal applications even if they request it. This allows you to always
+use the mouse for selection and other terminal UI interactions without
+applications capturing mouse input.
+
+This can also be controlled via the `mouse-reporting` configuration
+option.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleCommandPalette => {
+                r##"Toggle the command palette.
+
+The command palette is a popup that lets you see what actions
+you can perform, their associated keybindings (if any), a search bar
+to filter the actions, and the ability to then execute the action.
+
+This requires libadwaita 1.5 or newer on Linux. The current libadwaita
+version can be found by running `ghostty +version`.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleQuickTerminal => {
+                r##"Toggle the quick terminal.
+
+The quick terminal, also known as the "Quake-style" or drop-down
+terminal, is a terminal window that appears on demand from a keybinding,
+often sliding in from a screen edge such as the top. This is useful for
+quick access to a terminal without having to open a new window or tab.
+
+The terminal state is preserved between appearances, so showing the
+quick terminal after it was already hidden would display the same
+window instead of creating a new one.
+
+As quick terminals are often useful when other windows are currently
+focused, they are best used with *global* keybinds. For example, one
+can define the following key bind to toggle the quick terminal from
+anywhere within the system by pressing `` Cmd+` ``:
+
+```ini
+keybind = global:cmd+backquote=toggle_quick_terminal
+```
+
+The quick terminal has some limitations:
+
+  - Only one quick terminal instance can exist at a time.
+
+  - Unlike normal terminal windows, the quick terminal will not be
+    restored when the application is restarted on systems that support
+    window restoration like macOS.
+
+  - On Linux, the quick terminal is only supported on Wayland and not
+    X11, and only on Wayland compositors that support the `wlr-layer-shell-v1`
+    protocol. In practice, this means that only GNOME users would not be
+    able to use this feature.
+
+  - On Linux, slide-in animations are only supported on KDE, and when
+    the "Sliding Popups" KWin plugin is enabled.
+
+    If you do not have this plugin enabled, open System Settings > Apps
+    & Windows > Window Management > Desktop Effects, and enable the
+    plugin in the plugin list. Ghostty would then need to be restarted
+    fully for this to take effect.
+
+  - Quick terminal tabs are only supported on Linux and not on macOS.
+    This is because tabs on macOS require a title bar.
+
+  - On macOS, a fullscreened quick terminal will always be in non-native
+    fullscreen mode. This is a requirement due to how the quick terminal
+    is rendered.
+
+See the various configurations for the quick terminal in the
+configuration file to customize its behavior.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleVisibility => {
+                r##"Show or hide all windows. If all windows become shown, we also ensure
+Ghostty becomes focused. When hiding all windows, focus is yielded
+to the next application as determined by the OS.
+
+Note: When the focused surface is fullscreen, this method does nothing.
+
+Only implemented on macOS.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ToggleBackgroundOpacity => {
+                r##"Toggle the window background opacity between transparent and opaque.
+
+This does nothing when `background-opacity` is set to 1 or above.
+
+When `background-opacity` is less than 1, this action will either make
+the window transparent or not depending on its current transparency state.
+
+Only implemented on macOS.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::CheckForUpdates => {
+                r##"Check for updates.
+
+Only implemented on macOS.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Undo => {
+                r##"Undo the last undoable action for the focused surface or terminal,
+if possible. This can undo actions such as closing tabs or
+windows.
+
+Not every action in Ghostty can be undone or redone. The list
+of actions support undo/redo is currently limited to:
+
+  - New window, close window
+  - New tab, close tab
+  - New split, close split
+
+All actions are only undoable/redoable for a limited time.
+For example, restoring a closed split can only be done for
+some number of seconds since the split was closed. The exact
+amount is configured with the `undo-timeout` configuration settings.
+
+The undo/redo actions being limited ensures that there is
+bounded memory usage over time, closed surfaces don't continue running
+in the background indefinitely, and the keybinds become available
+for terminal applications to use.
+
+Only implemented on macOS.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Redo => {
+                r##"Redo the last undoable action for the focused surface or terminal,
+if possible. See "undo" for more details on what can and cannot
+be undone or redone.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::EndKeySequence => {
+                r##"End the currently active key sequence, if any, and flush the
+keys up to this point to the terminal, excluding the key that
+triggered this action.
+
+For example: `ctrl+w>escape=end_key_sequence` would encode
+`ctrl+w` to the terminal and exit the key sequence.
+
+Normally, an invalid sequence will reset the key sequence and
+flush all data including the invalid key. This action allows
+you to flush only the prior keys, which is useful when you want
+to bind something like a control key (`ctrl+w`) but not send
+additional inputs.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ActivateKeyTable => {
+                r##"Activate a named key table (see `keybind` configuration documentation).
+The named key table will remain active until `deactivate_key_table`
+is called. If you want a one-shot key table activation, use the
+`activate_key_table_once` action instead.
+
+If the named key table does not exist, this action has no effect
+and performable will report false.
+
+If the named key table is already the currently active key table,
+this action has no effect and performable will report false.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::ActivateKeyTableOnce => {
+                r##"Same as activate_key_table, but the key table will only be active
+until the first valid keybinding from that table is used (including
+any defined `catch_all` bindings).
+
+The "once" check is only done if this is the currently active
+key table. If another key table is activated later, then this
+table will remain active until it pops back out to being the
+active key table.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::DeactivateKeyTable => {
+                r##"Deactivate the currently active key table, if any. The next most
+recently activated key table (if any) will become active again.
+If no key table is active, this action has no effect.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::DeactivateAllKeyTables => {
+                r##"Deactivate all active key tables. If no active key table exists,
+this will report performable as false.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Quit => {
+                r##"Quit Ghostty.
+"##
+            }
+            ActionKey::Crash => {
+                r##"Crash Ghostty in the desired thread for the focused surface.
+
+WARNING: This is a hard crash (panic) and data can be lost.
+
+The purpose of this action is to test crash handling. For some
+users, it may be useful to test crash reporting functionality in
+order to determine if it all works as expected.
+
+The value determines the crash location:
+
+  - `main`
+
+    Crash on the main (GUI) thread.
+
+  - `io`
+
+    Crash on the IO thread for the focused surface.
+
+  - `render`
+
+    Crash on the render thread for the focused surface.
+
+"##
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Action {
+    /// The tag of this action.
+    pub fn key(&self) -> ActionKey {
+        match self {
+            Action::Ignore => ActionKey::Ignore,
+            Action::Unbind => ActionKey::Unbind,
+            Action::Csi(_) => ActionKey::Csi,
+            Action::Esc(_) => ActionKey::Esc,
+            Action::Text(_) => ActionKey::Text,
+            Action::CursorKey(_) => ActionKey::CursorKey,
+            Action::Reset => ActionKey::Reset,
+            Action::CopyToClipboard(_) => ActionKey::CopyToClipboard,
+            Action::PasteFromClipboard => ActionKey::PasteFromClipboard,
+            Action::PasteFromSelection => ActionKey::PasteFromSelection,
+            Action::CopyUrlToClipboard => ActionKey::CopyUrlToClipboard,
+            Action::CopyTitleToClipboard => ActionKey::CopyTitleToClipboard,
+            Action::IncreaseFontSize(_) => ActionKey::IncreaseFontSize,
+            Action::DecreaseFontSize(_) => ActionKey::DecreaseFontSize,
+            Action::ResetFontSize => ActionKey::ResetFontSize,
+            Action::SetFontSize(_) => ActionKey::SetFontSize,
+            Action::Search(_) => ActionKey::Search,
+            Action::SearchSelection => ActionKey::SearchSelection,
+            Action::NavigateSearch(_) => ActionKey::NavigateSearch,
+            Action::StartSearch => ActionKey::StartSearch,
+            Action::EndSearch => ActionKey::EndSearch,
+            Action::ClearScreen => ActionKey::ClearScreen,
+            Action::SelectAll => ActionKey::SelectAll,
+            Action::ScrollToTop => ActionKey::ScrollToTop,
+            Action::ScrollToBottom => ActionKey::ScrollToBottom,
+            Action::ScrollToSelection => ActionKey::ScrollToSelection,
+            Action::ScrollToRow(_) => ActionKey::ScrollToRow,
+            Action::ScrollPageUp => ActionKey::ScrollPageUp,
+            Action::ScrollPageDown => ActionKey::ScrollPageDown,
+            Action::ScrollPageFractional(_) => ActionKey::ScrollPageFractional,
+            Action::ScrollPageLines(_) => ActionKey::ScrollPageLines,
+            Action::AdjustSelection(_) => ActionKey::AdjustSelection,
+            Action::JumpToPrompt(_) => ActionKey::JumpToPrompt,
+            Action::WriteScrollbackFile(_) => ActionKey::WriteScrollbackFile,
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(_) => ActionKey::WriteScreenFile,
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(_) => ActionKey::WriteSelectionFile,
+            Action::NewWindow => ActionKey::NewWindow,
+            Action::NewTab => ActionKey::NewTab,
+            Action::PreviousTab => ActionKey::PreviousTab,
+            Action::NextTab => ActionKey::NextTab,
+            Action::LastTab => ActionKey::LastTab,
+            Action::GotoTab(_) => ActionKey::GotoTab,
+            Action::MoveTab(_) => ActionKey::MoveTab,
+            Action::ToggleTabOverview => ActionKey::ToggleTabOverview,
+            Action::PromptSurfaceTitle => ActionKey::PromptSurfaceTitle,
+            Action::PromptTabTitle => ActionKey::PromptTabTitle,
+            Action::SetSurfaceTitle(_) => ActionKey::SetSurfaceTitle,
+            Action::SetTabTitle(_) => ActionKey::SetTabTitle,
+            Action::NewSplit(_) => ActionKey::NewSplit,
+            Action::GotoSplit(_) => ActionKey::GotoSplit,
+            Action::GotoWindow(_) => ActionKey::GotoWindow,
+            Action::ToggleSplitZoom => ActionKey::ToggleSplitZoom,
+            Action::ToggleReadonly => ActionKey::ToggleReadonly,
+            Action::ResizeSplit(_) => ActionKey::ResizeSplit,
+            Action::EqualizeSplits => ActionKey::EqualizeSplits,
+            Action::ResetWindowSize => ActionKey::ResetWindowSize,
+            Action::Inspector(_) => ActionKey::Inspector,
+            Action::ShowGtkInspector => ActionKey::ShowGtkInspector,
+            Action::ShowOnScreenKeyboard => ActionKey::ShowOnScreenKeyboard,
+            Action::OpenConfig => ActionKey::OpenConfig,
+            Action::ReloadConfig => ActionKey::ReloadConfig,
+            Action::CloseSurface => ActionKey::CloseSurface,
+            Action::CloseTab(_) => ActionKey::CloseTab,
+            Action::CloseWindow => ActionKey::CloseWindow,
+            Action::CloseAllWindows => ActionKey::CloseAllWindows,
+            Action::ToggleMaximize => ActionKey::ToggleMaximize,
+            Action::ToggleFullscreen => ActionKey::ToggleFullscreen,
+            Action::ToggleWindowDecorations => ActionKey::ToggleWindowDecorations,
+            Action::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop => ActionKey::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop,
+            Action::ToggleSecureInput => ActionKey::ToggleSecureInput,
+            Action::ToggleMouseReporting => ActionKey::ToggleMouseReporting,
+            Action::ToggleCommandPalette => ActionKey::ToggleCommandPalette,
+            Action::ToggleQuickTerminal => ActionKey::ToggleQuickTerminal,
+            Action::ToggleVisibility => ActionKey::ToggleVisibility,
+            Action::ToggleBackgroundOpacity => ActionKey::ToggleBackgroundOpacity,
+            Action::CheckForUpdates => ActionKey::CheckForUpdates,
+            Action::Undo => ActionKey::Undo,
+            Action::Redo => ActionKey::Redo,
+            Action::EndKeySequence => ActionKey::EndKeySequence,
+            Action::ActivateKeyTable(_) => ActionKey::ActivateKeyTable,
+            Action::ActivateKeyTableOnce(_) => ActionKey::ActivateKeyTableOnce,
+            Action::DeactivateKeyTable => ActionKey::DeactivateKeyTable,
+            Action::DeactivateAllKeyTables => ActionKey::DeactivateAllKeyTables,
+            Action::Quit => ActionKey::Quit,
+            Action::Crash(_) => ActionKey::Crash,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse the action given its name, the optional parameter (text after the first colon).
+    fn parse_named(name: &str, param: Option<&str>) -> Result<Action, Error> {
+        match name {
+            "ignore" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::Ignore)
+            }
+            "unbind" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::Unbind)
+            }
+            "csi" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::Csi(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "esc" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::Esc(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "text" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::Text(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "cursor_key" => Err(Error::InvalidAction),
+            "reset" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::Reset)
+            }
+            "copy_to_clipboard" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Ok(Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::DEFAULT));
+                };
+                Ok(Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "paste_from_clipboard" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::PasteFromClipboard)
+            }
+            "paste_from_selection" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::PasteFromSelection)
+            }
+            "copy_url_to_clipboard" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::CopyUrlToClipboard)
+            }
+            "copy_title_to_clipboard" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::CopyTitleToClipboard)
+            }
+            "increase_font_size" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::IncreaseFontSize(f32::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "decrease_font_size" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::DecreaseFontSize(f32::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "reset_font_size" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ResetFontSize)
+            }
+            "set_font_size" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::SetFontSize(f32::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "search" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::Search(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "search_selection" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::SearchSelection)
+            }
+            "navigate_search" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::NavigateSearch(NavigateSearch::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "start_search" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::StartSearch)
+            }
+            "end_search" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::EndSearch)
+            }
+            "clear_screen" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ClearScreen)
+            }
+            "select_all" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::SelectAll)
+            }
+            "scroll_to_top" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ScrollToTop)
+            }
+            "scroll_to_bottom" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ScrollToBottom)
+            }
+            "scroll_to_selection" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ScrollToSelection)
+            }
+            "scroll_to_row" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::ScrollToRow(usize::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "scroll_page_up" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ScrollPageUp)
+            }
+            "scroll_page_down" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ScrollPageDown)
+            }
+            "scroll_page_fractional" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::ScrollPageFractional(f32::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "scroll_page_lines" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::ScrollPageLines(i16::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "adjust_selection" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::AdjustSelection(AdjustSelection::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "jump_to_prompt" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::JumpToPrompt(i16::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "write_scrollback_file" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::WriteScrollbackFile(WriteScreen::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "write_screen_file" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "write_selection_file" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "new_window" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::NewWindow)
+            }
+            "new_tab" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::NewTab)
+            }
+            "previous_tab" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::PreviousTab)
+            }
+            "next_tab" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::NextTab)
+            }
+            "last_tab" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::LastTab)
+            }
+            "goto_tab" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::GotoTab(usize::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "move_tab" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::MoveTab(isize::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "toggle_tab_overview" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleTabOverview)
+            }
+            "prompt_surface_title" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::PromptSurfaceTitle)
+            }
+            "prompt_tab_title" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::PromptTabTitle)
+            }
+            "set_surface_title" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::SetSurfaceTitle(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "set_tab_title" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::SetTabTitle(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "new_split" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Ok(Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::DEFAULT));
+                };
+                Ok(Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "goto_split" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "goto_window" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::GotoWindow(GotoWindow::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "toggle_split_zoom" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleSplitZoom)
+            }
+            "toggle_readonly" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleReadonly)
+            }
+            "resize_split" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::ResizeSplit(SplitResizeParameter::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "equalize_splits" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::EqualizeSplits)
+            }
+            "reset_window_size" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ResetWindowSize)
+            }
+            "inspector" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::Inspector(InspectorMode::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "show_gtk_inspector" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ShowGtkInspector)
+            }
+            "show_on_screen_keyboard" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ShowOnScreenKeyboard)
+            }
+            "open_config" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::OpenConfig)
+            }
+            "reload_config" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ReloadConfig)
+            }
+            "close_surface" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::CloseSurface)
+            }
+            "close_tab" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Ok(Action::CloseTab(CloseTabMode::DEFAULT));
+                };
+                Ok(Action::CloseTab(CloseTabMode::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            "close_window" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::CloseWindow)
+            }
+            "close_all_windows" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::CloseAllWindows)
+            }
+            "toggle_maximize" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleMaximize)
+            }
+            "toggle_fullscreen" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleFullscreen)
+            }
+            "toggle_window_decorations" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleWindowDecorations)
+            }
+            "toggle_window_float_on_top" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop)
+            }
+            "toggle_secure_input" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleSecureInput)
+            }
+            "toggle_mouse_reporting" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleMouseReporting)
+            }
+            "toggle_command_palette" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleCommandPalette)
+            }
+            "toggle_quick_terminal" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleQuickTerminal)
+            }
+            "toggle_visibility" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleVisibility)
+            }
+            "toggle_background_opacity" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::ToggleBackgroundOpacity)
+            }
+            "check_for_updates" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::CheckForUpdates)
+            }
+            "undo" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::Undo)
+            }
+            "redo" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::Redo)
+            }
+            "end_key_sequence" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::EndKeySequence)
+            }
+            "activate_key_table" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::ActivateKeyTable(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "activate_key_table_once" => {
+                let p = param.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+                Ok(Action::ActivateKeyTableOnce(p.to_string()))
+            }
+            "deactivate_key_table" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::DeactivateKeyTable)
+            }
+            "deactivate_all_key_tables" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::DeactivateAllKeyTables)
+            }
+            "quit" => {
+                if param.is_some() {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                Ok(Action::Quit)
+            }
+            "crash" => {
+                let Some(p) = param else {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                };
+                Ok(Action::Crash(CrashThread::parse_param(p)?))
+            }
+            _ => Err(Error::InvalidAction),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Format only the name and parameter pieces. Used by Display.
+    fn fmt_into(&self, out: &mut String) {
+        out.push_str(self.key().name());
+        match self {
+            Action::Ignore
+            | Action::Unbind
+            | Action::Reset
+            | Action::PasteFromClipboard
+            | Action::PasteFromSelection
+            | Action::CopyUrlToClipboard
+            | Action::CopyTitleToClipboard
+            | Action::ResetFontSize
+            | Action::SearchSelection
+            | Action::StartSearch
+            | Action::EndSearch
+            | Action::ClearScreen
+            | Action::SelectAll
+            | Action::ScrollToTop
+            | Action::ScrollToBottom
+            | Action::ScrollToSelection
+            | Action::ScrollPageUp
+            | Action::ScrollPageDown
+            | Action::NewWindow
+            | Action::NewTab
+            | Action::PreviousTab
+            | Action::NextTab
+            | Action::LastTab
+            | Action::ToggleTabOverview
+            | Action::PromptSurfaceTitle
+            | Action::PromptTabTitle
+            | Action::ToggleSplitZoom
+            | Action::ToggleReadonly
+            | Action::EqualizeSplits
+            | Action::ResetWindowSize
+            | Action::ShowGtkInspector
+            | Action::ShowOnScreenKeyboard
+            | Action::OpenConfig
+            | Action::ReloadConfig
+            | Action::CloseSurface
+            | Action::CloseWindow
+            | Action::CloseAllWindows
+            | Action::ToggleMaximize
+            | Action::ToggleFullscreen
+            | Action::ToggleWindowDecorations
+            | Action::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop
+            | Action::ToggleSecureInput
+            | Action::ToggleMouseReporting
+            | Action::ToggleCommandPalette
+            | Action::ToggleQuickTerminal
+            | Action::ToggleVisibility
+            | Action::ToggleBackgroundOpacity
+            | Action::CheckForUpdates
+            | Action::Undo
+            | Action::Redo
+            | Action::EndKeySequence
+            | Action::DeactivateKeyTable
+            | Action::DeactivateAllKeyTables
+            | Action::Quit => {}
+            Action::Csi(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::Esc(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::Text(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::CursorKey(_) => panic!("formatting not supported"),
+            Action::CopyToClipboard(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::IncreaseFontSize(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::DecreaseFontSize(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::SetFontSize(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::Search(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::NavigateSearch(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::ScrollToRow(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::ScrollPageFractional(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::ScrollPageLines(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::AdjustSelection(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::JumpToPrompt(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::WriteScrollbackFile(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                v.format_into(out);
+            }
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                v.format_into(out);
+            }
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                v.format_into(out);
+            }
+            Action::GotoTab(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::MoveTab(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(&v.to_string());
+            }
+            Action::SetSurfaceTitle(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::SetTabTitle(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::NewSplit(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::GotoSplit(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::GotoWindow(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::ResizeSplit(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                v.format_into(out);
+            }
+            Action::Inspector(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::CloseTab(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+            Action::ActivateKeyTable(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::ActivateKeyTableOnce(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                string_escape(v, out);
+            }
+            Action::Crash(v) => {
+                out.push(':');
+                out.push_str(v.name());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn hash_into<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, h: &mut H) {
+        use std::hash::Hash;
+        self.key().hash(h);
+        match self {
+            Action::Ignore
+            | Action::Unbind
+            | Action::Reset
+            | Action::PasteFromClipboard
+            | Action::PasteFromSelection
+            | Action::CopyUrlToClipboard
+            | Action::CopyTitleToClipboard
+            | Action::ResetFontSize
+            | Action::SearchSelection
+            | Action::StartSearch
+            | Action::EndSearch
+            | Action::ClearScreen
+            | Action::SelectAll
+            | Action::ScrollToTop
+            | Action::ScrollToBottom
+            | Action::ScrollToSelection
+            | Action::ScrollPageUp
+            | Action::ScrollPageDown
+            | Action::NewWindow
+            | Action::NewTab
+            | Action::PreviousTab
+            | Action::NextTab
+            | Action::LastTab
+            | Action::ToggleTabOverview
+            | Action::PromptSurfaceTitle
+            | Action::PromptTabTitle
+            | Action::ToggleSplitZoom
+            | Action::ToggleReadonly
+            | Action::EqualizeSplits
+            | Action::ResetWindowSize
+            | Action::ShowGtkInspector
+            | Action::ShowOnScreenKeyboard
+            | Action::OpenConfig
+            | Action::ReloadConfig
+            | Action::CloseSurface
+            | Action::CloseWindow
+            | Action::CloseAllWindows
+            | Action::ToggleMaximize
+            | Action::ToggleFullscreen
+            | Action::ToggleWindowDecorations
+            | Action::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop
+            | Action::ToggleSecureInput
+            | Action::ToggleMouseReporting
+            | Action::ToggleCommandPalette
+            | Action::ToggleQuickTerminal
+            | Action::ToggleVisibility
+            | Action::ToggleBackgroundOpacity
+            | Action::CheckForUpdates
+            | Action::Undo
+            | Action::Redo
+            | Action::EndKeySequence
+            | Action::DeactivateKeyTable
+            | Action::DeactivateAllKeyTables
+            | Action::Quit => {}
+            Action::Csi(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::Esc(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::Text(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::CursorKey(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::CopyToClipboard(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::IncreaseFontSize(v) => v.to_bits().hash(h),
+            Action::DecreaseFontSize(v) => v.to_bits().hash(h),
+            Action::SetFontSize(v) => v.to_bits().hash(h),
+            Action::Search(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::NavigateSearch(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::ScrollToRow(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::ScrollPageFractional(v) => v.to_bits().hash(h),
+            Action::ScrollPageLines(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::AdjustSelection(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::JumpToPrompt(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::WriteScrollbackFile(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::GotoTab(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::MoveTab(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::SetSurfaceTitle(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::SetTabTitle(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::NewSplit(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::GotoSplit(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::GotoWindow(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::ResizeSplit(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::Inspector(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::CloseTab(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::ActivateKeyTable(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::ActivateKeyTableOnce(v) => v.hash(h),
+            Action::Crash(v) => v.hash(h),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the scope of an action.
+    pub fn scope(&self) -> Scope {
+        self.key().scope()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ActionKey {
+    /// Returns the scope of an action.
+    pub fn scope(self) -> Scope {
+        match self {
+            ActionKey::Ignore
+            | ActionKey::Unbind
+            | ActionKey::OpenConfig
+            | ActionKey::ReloadConfig
+            | ActionKey::CloseAllWindows
+            | ActionKey::Quit
+            | ActionKey::ToggleQuickTerminal
+            | ActionKey::ToggleVisibility
+            | ActionKey::CheckForUpdates
+            | ActionKey::ShowGtkInspector
+            | ActionKey::NewWindow
+            | ActionKey::Undo
+            | ActionKey::Redo => Scope::App,
+            ActionKey::Csi
+            | ActionKey::Esc
+            | ActionKey::Text
+            | ActionKey::CursorKey
+            | ActionKey::Search
+            | ActionKey::NavigateSearch
+            | ActionKey::SearchSelection
+            | ActionKey::StartSearch
+            | ActionKey::EndSearch
+            | ActionKey::Reset
+            | ActionKey::CopyToClipboard
+            | ActionKey::CopyUrlToClipboard
+            | ActionKey::CopyTitleToClipboard
+            | ActionKey::PasteFromClipboard
+            | ActionKey::PasteFromSelection
+            | ActionKey::IncreaseFontSize
+            | ActionKey::DecreaseFontSize
+            | ActionKey::ResetFontSize
+            | ActionKey::SetFontSize
+            | ActionKey::PromptSurfaceTitle
+            | ActionKey::PromptTabTitle
+            | ActionKey::SetSurfaceTitle
+            | ActionKey::SetTabTitle
+            | ActionKey::ClearScreen
+            | ActionKey::SelectAll
+            | ActionKey::ScrollToTop
+            | ActionKey::ScrollToBottom
+            | ActionKey::ScrollToSelection
+            | ActionKey::ScrollToRow
+            | ActionKey::ScrollPageUp
+            | ActionKey::ScrollPageDown
+            | ActionKey::ScrollPageFractional
+            | ActionKey::ScrollPageLines
+            | ActionKey::AdjustSelection
+            | ActionKey::JumpToPrompt
+            | ActionKey::WriteScrollbackFile
+            | ActionKey::WriteScreenFile
+            | ActionKey::WriteSelectionFile
+            | ActionKey::CloseSurface
+            | ActionKey::CloseTab
+            | ActionKey::CloseWindow
+            | ActionKey::ToggleMaximize
+            | ActionKey::ToggleFullscreen
+            | ActionKey::ToggleWindowDecorations
+            | ActionKey::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop
+            | ActionKey::ToggleSecureInput
+            | ActionKey::ToggleMouseReporting
+            | ActionKey::ToggleCommandPalette
+            | ActionKey::ToggleBackgroundOpacity
+            | ActionKey::ShowOnScreenKeyboard
+            | ActionKey::ResetWindowSize
+            | ActionKey::ActivateKeyTable
+            | ActionKey::ActivateKeyTableOnce
+            | ActionKey::DeactivateKeyTable
+            | ActionKey::DeactivateAllKeyTables
+            | ActionKey::EndKeySequence
+            | ActionKey::Crash
+            | ActionKey::NewTab
+            | ActionKey::PreviousTab
+            | ActionKey::NextTab
+            | ActionKey::LastTab
+            | ActionKey::GotoTab
+            | ActionKey::MoveTab
+            | ActionKey::ToggleTabOverview
+            | ActionKey::NewSplit
+            | ActionKey::GotoSplit
+            | ActionKey::GotoWindow
+            | ActionKey::ToggleSplitZoom
+            | ActionKey::ToggleReadonly
+            | ActionKey::ResizeSplit
+            | ActionKey::EqualizeSplits
+            | ActionKey::Inspector => Scope::Surface,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Look up an action key by name.
+    pub fn from_name(s: &str) -> Option<ActionKey> {
+        match s {
+            "ignore" => Some(ActionKey::Ignore),
+            "unbind" => Some(ActionKey::Unbind),
+            "csi" => Some(ActionKey::Csi),
+            "esc" => Some(ActionKey::Esc),
+            "text" => Some(ActionKey::Text),
+            "cursor_key" => Some(ActionKey::CursorKey),
+            "reset" => Some(ActionKey::Reset),
+            "copy_to_clipboard" => Some(ActionKey::CopyToClipboard),
+            "paste_from_clipboard" => Some(ActionKey::PasteFromClipboard),
+            "paste_from_selection" => Some(ActionKey::PasteFromSelection),
+            "copy_url_to_clipboard" => Some(ActionKey::CopyUrlToClipboard),
+            "copy_title_to_clipboard" => Some(ActionKey::CopyTitleToClipboard),
+            "increase_font_size" => Some(ActionKey::IncreaseFontSize),
+            "decrease_font_size" => Some(ActionKey::DecreaseFontSize),
+            "reset_font_size" => Some(ActionKey::ResetFontSize),
+            "set_font_size" => Some(ActionKey::SetFontSize),
+            "search" => Some(ActionKey::Search),
+            "search_selection" => Some(ActionKey::SearchSelection),
+            "navigate_search" => Some(ActionKey::NavigateSearch),
+            "start_search" => Some(ActionKey::StartSearch),
+            "end_search" => Some(ActionKey::EndSearch),
+            "clear_screen" => Some(ActionKey::ClearScreen),
+            "select_all" => Some(ActionKey::SelectAll),
+            "scroll_to_top" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollToTop),
+            "scroll_to_bottom" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollToBottom),
+            "scroll_to_selection" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollToSelection),
+            "scroll_to_row" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollToRow),
+            "scroll_page_up" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollPageUp),
+            "scroll_page_down" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollPageDown),
+            "scroll_page_fractional" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollPageFractional),
+            "scroll_page_lines" => Some(ActionKey::ScrollPageLines),
+            "adjust_selection" => Some(ActionKey::AdjustSelection),
+            "jump_to_prompt" => Some(ActionKey::JumpToPrompt),
+            "write_scrollback_file" => Some(ActionKey::WriteScrollbackFile),
+            "write_screen_file" => Some(ActionKey::WriteScreenFile),
+            "write_selection_file" => Some(ActionKey::WriteSelectionFile),
+            "new_window" => Some(ActionKey::NewWindow),
+            "new_tab" => Some(ActionKey::NewTab),
+            "previous_tab" => Some(ActionKey::PreviousTab),
+            "next_tab" => Some(ActionKey::NextTab),
+            "last_tab" => Some(ActionKey::LastTab),
+            "goto_tab" => Some(ActionKey::GotoTab),
+            "move_tab" => Some(ActionKey::MoveTab),
+            "toggle_tab_overview" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleTabOverview),
+            "prompt_surface_title" => Some(ActionKey::PromptSurfaceTitle),
+            "prompt_tab_title" => Some(ActionKey::PromptTabTitle),
+            "set_surface_title" => Some(ActionKey::SetSurfaceTitle),
+            "set_tab_title" => Some(ActionKey::SetTabTitle),
+            "new_split" => Some(ActionKey::NewSplit),
+            "goto_split" => Some(ActionKey::GotoSplit),
+            "goto_window" => Some(ActionKey::GotoWindow),
+            "toggle_split_zoom" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleSplitZoom),
+            "toggle_readonly" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleReadonly),
+            "resize_split" => Some(ActionKey::ResizeSplit),
+            "equalize_splits" => Some(ActionKey::EqualizeSplits),
+            "reset_window_size" => Some(ActionKey::ResetWindowSize),
+            "inspector" => Some(ActionKey::Inspector),
+            "show_gtk_inspector" => Some(ActionKey::ShowGtkInspector),
+            "show_on_screen_keyboard" => Some(ActionKey::ShowOnScreenKeyboard),
+            "open_config" => Some(ActionKey::OpenConfig),
+            "reload_config" => Some(ActionKey::ReloadConfig),
+            "close_surface" => Some(ActionKey::CloseSurface),
+            "close_tab" => Some(ActionKey::CloseTab),
+            "close_window" => Some(ActionKey::CloseWindow),
+            "close_all_windows" => Some(ActionKey::CloseAllWindows),
+            "toggle_maximize" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleMaximize),
+            "toggle_fullscreen" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleFullscreen),
+            "toggle_window_decorations" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleWindowDecorations),
+            "toggle_window_float_on_top" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop),
+            "toggle_secure_input" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleSecureInput),
+            "toggle_mouse_reporting" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleMouseReporting),
+            "toggle_command_palette" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleCommandPalette),
+            "toggle_quick_terminal" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleQuickTerminal),
+            "toggle_visibility" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleVisibility),
+            "toggle_background_opacity" => Some(ActionKey::ToggleBackgroundOpacity),
+            "check_for_updates" => Some(ActionKey::CheckForUpdates),
+            "undo" => Some(ActionKey::Undo),
+            "redo" => Some(ActionKey::Redo),
+            "end_key_sequence" => Some(ActionKey::EndKeySequence),
+            "activate_key_table" => Some(ActionKey::ActivateKeyTable),
+            "activate_key_table_once" => Some(ActionKey::ActivateKeyTableOnce),
+            "deactivate_key_table" => Some(ActionKey::DeactivateKeyTable),
+            "deactivate_all_key_tables" => Some(ActionKey::DeactivateAllKeyTables),
+            "quit" => Some(ActionKey::Quit),
+            "crash" => Some(ActionKey::Crash),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/binding/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+//! A binding maps some input trigger to an action. When the trigger
+//! occurs, the action is performed. (ZIG/src/input/Binding.zig)
+
+pub mod action;
+pub mod set;
+
+use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+
+pub use action::{
+    Action, ActionKey, AdjustSelection, CloseTabMode, CopyToClipboard, CrashThread, CursorKey,
+    GotoWindow, InspectorMode, NavigateSearch, Scope, SplitDirection, SplitFocusDirection,
+    SplitResizeDirection, SplitResizeParameter, WriteScreen, WriteScreenAction, WriteScreenFormat,
+};
+pub use set::Set;
+
+use crate::key;
+use crate::key_mods::{self, Mods};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("invalid format")]
+    InvalidFormat,
+    #[error("invalid action")]
+    InvalidAction,
+}
+
+/// A binding: trigger, action and per-binding flags.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Binding {
+    /// The trigger that needs to be performed to execute the action.
+    pub trigger: Trigger,
+
+    /// The action to take if this binding matches
+    pub action: Action,
+
+    /// Boolean flags that can be set per binding.
+    pub flags: Flags,
+}
+
+/// Flags the full binding-scoped flags that can be set per binding.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Flags {
+    /// True if this binding should consume the input when the
+    /// action is triggered.
+    pub consumed: bool,
+
+    /// True if this binding should be forwarded to all active surfaces
+    /// in the application.
+    pub all: bool,
+
+    /// True if this binding is global. Global bindings should work system-wide
+    /// and not just while Ghostty is focused. This may not work on all platforms.
+    /// See the keybind config documentation for more information.
+    pub global: bool,
+
+    /// True if this binding should only be triggered if the action can be
+    /// performed. If the action can't be performed then the binding acts as
+    /// if it doesn't exist.
+    pub performable: bool,
+}
+
+impl Default for Flags {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Flags {
+            consumed: true,
+            all: false,
+            global: false,
+            performable: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Flags {
+    /// Converts this to a C-compatible value (packed bits, `consumed` = bit 0).
+    pub fn cval(self) -> u8 {
+        u8::from(self.consumed)
+            | u8::from(self.all) << 1
+            | u8::from(self.global) << 2
+            | u8::from(self.performable) << 3
+    }
+}
+
+/// Elements yielded by the [`Parser`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum Elem {
+    /// A leader trigger in a sequence.
+    Leader(Trigger),
+
+    /// The final trigger and action in a sequence.
+    Binding(Binding),
+
+    /// A chained action `chain=<action>` that should be appended
+    /// to the previous binding. Note that any action is parsed, including
+    /// invalid actions for chains such as `unbind`. We expect downstream
+    /// consumers to validate that the action is valid for chaining.
+    Chain(Action),
+}
+
+/// Full binding parser. The binding parser is implemented as an iterator
+/// which yields elements to support multi-key sequences.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Parser<'a> {
+    trigger_it: SequenceIterator<'a>,
+    action: Action,
+    flags: Flags,
+    chain: bool,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
+    pub fn new(raw_input: &'a str) -> Result<Parser<'a>, Error> {
+        let (flags, start_idx) = parse_flags(raw_input)?;
+        let input = &raw_input[start_idx..];
+
+        // Find the equal sign. This is more complicated than it seems on
+        // the surface because we need to ignore equal signs that are
+        // part of the trigger.
+        let eql_idx: usize = 'eql: {
+            // TODO: We should change this parser into a real state machine
+            // based parser that parses the trigger fully, then yields the
+            // action after. The loop below is a total mess.
+            let mut offset = 0usize;
+            let bytes = input.as_bytes();
+            while let Some(offset_idx) = input[offset..].find('=') {
+                // Find: '=+ctrl' or '==action'
+                let idx = offset + offset_idx;
+                if idx + 1 < bytes.len() && (bytes[idx + 1] == b'+' || bytes[idx + 1] == b'=') {
+                    offset += offset_idx + 1;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Looks like the real equal sign.
+                break 'eql idx;
+            }
+
+            return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+        };
+
+        // Detect chains. Chains must not have flags.
+        let chain = &input[..eql_idx] == "chain";
+        if chain && start_idx > 0 {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+        }
+
+        // Sequence iterator goes up to the equal, action is after. We can
+        // parse the action now.
+        Ok(Parser {
+            trigger_it: SequenceIterator {
+                // This is kind of hacky but we put a dummy trigger
+                // for chained inputs. The `next` will never yield this
+                // because we have chain set.
+                input: if chain { "a" } else { &input[..eql_idx] },
+                i: 0,
+            },
+            action: Action::parse(&input[eql_idx + 1..])?,
+            flags,
+            chain,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn next_elem(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Elem>, Error> {
+        // Get our trigger. If we're out of triggers then we're done.
+        let Some(trigger) = self.trigger_it.next_trigger()? else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        // If this is our last trigger then it is our final binding.
+        if !self.trigger_it.done() {
+            // Global/all bindings can't be sequences
+            if self.flags.global || self.flags.all {
+                return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+            }
+            return Ok(Some(Elem::Leader(trigger)));
+        }
+
+        // If we're a chain then return it as-is.
+        if self.chain {
+            return Ok(Some(Elem::Chain(self.action.clone())));
+        }
+
+        // Out of triggers, yield the final action.
+        Ok(Some(Elem::Binding(Binding {
+            trigger,
+            action: self.action.clone(),
+            flags: self.flags,
+        })))
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.trigger_it.i = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_flags(raw_input: &str) -> Result<(Flags, usize), Error> {
+    let mut flags = Flags::default();
+
+    let mut start_idx = 0usize;
+    let mut input = raw_input;
+    // Find the next prefix
+    while let Some(idx) = input.find(':') {
+        let prefix = &input[..idx];
+
+        // If the prefix is one of our flags then set it.
+        match prefix {
+            "all" => {
+                if flags.all {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                flags.all = true;
+            }
+            "global" => {
+                if flags.global {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                flags.global = true;
+            }
+            "unconsumed" => {
+                if !flags.consumed {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                flags.consumed = false;
+            }
+            "performable" => {
+                if flags.performable {
+                    return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                }
+                flags.performable = true;
+            }
+            // If we don't recognize the prefix then we're done. We
+            // let any unknown prefix fallthrough to trigger-specific
+            // parsing in case there are trigger-specific prefixes
+            // (none currently but historically there was `physical:`
+            // at one point). Breaking here lets us always implement new
+            // prefixes.
+            _ => break,
+        }
+
+        // Move past the prefix
+        start_idx += idx + 1;
+        input = &input[idx + 1..];
+    }
+
+    Ok((flags, start_idx))
+}
+
+/// An iterator that yields each trigger in a sequence of triggers. For
+/// example, the sequence "ctrl+a>ctrl+b" would yield "ctrl+a" and then
+/// "ctrl+b".
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SequenceIterator<'a> {
+    /// The input of triggers. This is expected to be ONLY triggers. Things
+    /// like the "unconsumed:" prefix or action must be stripped before
+    /// passing to this iterator.
+    pub input: &'a str,
+    pub i: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'a> SequenceIterator<'a> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {
+        SequenceIterator { input, i: 0 }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the next trigger in the sequence if there is no parsing error.
+    pub fn next_trigger(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Trigger>, Error> {
+        if self.done() {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        let rem = &self.input[self.i..];
+        let idx = rem.find('>').unwrap_or(rem.len());
+        self.i += idx + 1;
+        Ok(Some(Trigger::parse(&rem[..idx])?))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if there are no more triggers to parse.
+    pub fn done(&self) -> bool {
+        self.i > self.input.len()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parse a single, non-sequenced binding. To support sequences you must
+/// use parse. This is a convenience function for single bindings aimed
+/// primarily at tests.
+///
+/// This doesn't support `chain` either, since chaining requires some
+/// stateful concept of a prior binding.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ParseSingleError {
+    Error(Error),
+    UnexpectedChain,
+    UnexpectedSequence,
+}
+
+impl From<Error> for ParseSingleError {
+    fn from(e: Error) -> Self {
+        ParseSingleError::Error(e)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn parse_single(raw_input: &str) -> Result<Binding, ParseSingleError> {
+    let mut p = Parser::new(raw_input)?;
+    let elem = p.next_elem()?.ok_or(Error::InvalidFormat)?;
+    match elem {
+        Elem::Leader(_) => Err(ParseSingleError::UnexpectedSequence),
+        Elem::Binding(b) => Ok(b),
+        Elem::Chain(_) => Err(ParseSingleError::UnexpectedChain),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns true if lhs should be sorted before rhs
+pub fn less_than(lhs: &Binding, rhs: &Binding) -> bool {
+    let count = |m: Mods| {
+        usize::from(m.super_) + usize::from(m.ctrl) + usize::from(m.shift) + usize::from(m.alt)
+    };
+    let lhs_count = count(lhs.trigger.mods);
+    let rhs_count = count(rhs.trigger.mods);
+
+    if lhs_count != rhs_count {
+        return lhs_count > rhs_count;
+    }
+
+    if lhs.trigger.mods.int() != rhs.trigger.mods.int() {
+        return lhs.trigger.mods.int() > rhs.trigger.mods.int();
+    }
+
+    let k = |t: &Trigger| -> i64 {
+        match t.key {
+            TriggerKey::Physical(k) => k as i64,
+            TriggerKey::Unicode(cp) => i64::from(cp),
+            // Zig reads the C-union tag's key here (undefined); treat as 0.
+            TriggerKey::CatchAll => 0,
+        }
+    };
+    k(&lhs.trigger) < k(&rhs.trigger)
+}
+
+/// The key part of a [`Trigger`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum TriggerKey {
+    /// key is the "physical" version. This is the same as mapped for
+    /// standard US keyboard layouts. For non-US keyboard layouts, this
+    /// is used to bind to a physical key location rather than a translated
+    /// key.
+    Physical(key::Key),
+
+    /// This is used for binding to keys that produce a certain unicode
+    /// codepoint. This is useful for binding to keys that don't have a
+    /// registered keycode with Ghostty.
+    Unicode(u32),
+
+    /// A catch-all key that matches any key press that is otherwise
+    /// unbound.
+    CatchAll,
+}
+
+/// Trigger is the associated key state that can trigger an action.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Trigger {
+    /// The key that has to be pressed for a binding to take action.
+    pub key: TriggerKey,
+
+    /// The key modifiers that must be active for this to match.
+    pub mods: Mods,
+}
+
+impl Default for Trigger {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Trigger {
+            key: TriggerKey::Physical(key::Key::Unidentified),
+            mods: Mods::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Backwards compatible key names from Ghostty 1.1.x. Ghostty 1.2+ doesn't
+/// support these anymore since we moved to W3C key codes.
+pub const BACKWARDS_COMPATIBLE_KEYS: &[(&str, TriggerKey)] = {
+    use TriggerKey::{Physical as P, Unicode as U};
+    use key::Key as K;
+    &[
+        ("zero", U('0' as u32)),
+        ("one", U('1' as u32)),
+        ("two", U('2' as u32)),
+        ("three", U('3' as u32)),
+        ("four", U('4' as u32)),
+        ("five", U('5' as u32)),
+        ("six", U('6' as u32)),
+        ("seven", U('7' as u32)),
+        ("eight", U('8' as u32)),
+        ("nine", U('9' as u32)),
+        ("plus", U('+' as u32)),
+        ("apostrophe", U('\'' as u32)),
+        ("grave_accent", P(K::Backquote)),
+        ("left_bracket", P(K::BracketLeft)),
+        ("right_bracket", P(K::BracketRight)),
+        ("up", P(K::ArrowUp)),
+        ("down", P(K::ArrowDown)),
+        ("left", P(K::ArrowLeft)),
+        ("right", P(K::ArrowRight)),
+        ("kp_0", P(K::Numpad0)),
+        ("kp_1", P(K::Numpad1)),
+        ("kp_2", P(K::Numpad2)),
+        ("kp_3", P(K::Numpad3)),
+        ("kp_4", P(K::Numpad4)),
+        ("kp_5", P(K::Numpad5)),
+        ("kp_6", P(K::Numpad6)),
+        ("kp_7", P(K::Numpad7)),
+        ("kp_8", P(K::Numpad8)),
+        ("kp_9", P(K::Numpad9)),
+        ("kp_add", P(K::NumpadAdd)),
+        ("kp_subtract", P(K::NumpadSubtract)),
+        ("kp_multiply", P(K::NumpadMultiply)),
+        ("kp_divide", P(K::NumpadDivide)),
+        ("kp_decimal", P(K::NumpadDecimal)),
+        ("kp_enter", P(K::NumpadEnter)),
+        ("kp_equal", P(K::NumpadEqual)),
+        ("kp_separator", P(K::NumpadSeparator)),
+        ("kp_left", P(K::NumpadLeft)),
+        ("kp_right", P(K::NumpadRight)),
+        ("kp_up", P(K::NumpadUp)),
+        ("kp_down", P(K::NumpadDown)),
+        ("kp_page_up", P(K::NumpadPageUp)),
+        ("kp_page_down", P(K::NumpadPageDown)),
+        ("kp_home", P(K::NumpadHome)),
+        ("kp_end", P(K::NumpadEnd)),
+        ("kp_insert", P(K::NumpadInsert)),
+        ("kp_delete", P(K::NumpadDelete)),
+        ("kp_begin", P(K::NumpadBegin)),
+        ("left_shift", P(K::ShiftLeft)),
+        ("right_shift", P(K::ShiftRight)),
+        ("left_control", P(K::ControlLeft)),
+        ("right_control", P(K::ControlRight)),
+        ("left_alt", P(K::AltLeft)),
+        ("right_alt", P(K::AltRight)),
+        ("left_super", P(K::MetaLeft)),
+        ("right_super", P(K::MetaRight)),
+        // Physical variants. This is a blunt approach to this but its
+        // glue for backwards compatibility so I'm not too worried about
+        // making this super nice.
+        ("physical:zero", P(K::Digit0)),
+        ("physical:one", P(K::Digit1)),
+        ("physical:two", P(K::Digit2)),
+        ("physical:three", P(K::Digit3)),
+        ("physical:four", P(K::Digit4)),
+        ("physical:five", P(K::Digit5)),
+        ("physical:six", P(K::Digit6)),
+        ("physical:seven", P(K::Digit7)),
+        ("physical:eight", P(K::Digit8)),
+        ("physical:nine", P(K::Digit9)),
+        ("physical:apostrophe", P(K::Quote)),
+        ("physical:grave_accent", P(K::Backquote)),
+        ("physical:left_bracket", P(K::BracketLeft)),
+        ("physical:right_bracket", P(K::BracketRight)),
+        ("physical:up", P(K::ArrowUp)),
+        ("physical:down", P(K::ArrowDown)),
+        ("physical:left", P(K::ArrowLeft)),
+        ("physical:right", P(K::ArrowRight)),
+        ("physical:kp_0", P(K::Numpad0)),
+        ("physical:kp_1", P(K::Numpad1)),
+        ("physical:kp_2", P(K::Numpad2)),
+        ("physical:kp_3", P(K::Numpad3)),
+        ("physical:kp_4", P(K::Numpad4)),
+        ("physical:kp_5", P(K::Numpad5)),
+        ("physical:kp_6", P(K::Numpad6)),
+        ("physical:kp_7", P(K::Numpad7)),
+        ("physical:kp_8", P(K::Numpad8)),
+        ("physical:kp_9", P(K::Numpad9)),
+        ("physical:kp_add", P(K::NumpadAdd)),
+        ("physical:kp_subtract", P(K::NumpadSubtract)),
+        ("physical:kp_multiply", P(K::NumpadMultiply)),
+        ("physical:kp_divide", P(K::NumpadDivide)),
+        ("physical:kp_decimal", P(K::NumpadDecimal)),
+        ("physical:kp_enter", P(K::NumpadEnter)),
+        ("physical:kp_equal", P(K::NumpadEqual)),
+        ("physical:kp_separator", P(K::NumpadSeparator)),
+        ("physical:kp_left", P(K::NumpadLeft)),
+        ("physical:kp_right", P(K::NumpadRight)),
+        ("physical:kp_up", P(K::NumpadUp)),
+        ("physical:kp_down", P(K::NumpadDown)),
+        ("physical:kp_page_up", P(K::NumpadPageUp)),
+        ("physical:kp_page_down", P(K::NumpadPageDown)),
+        ("physical:kp_home", P(K::NumpadHome)),
+        ("physical:kp_end", P(K::NumpadEnd)),
+        ("physical:kp_insert", P(K::NumpadInsert)),
+        ("physical:kp_delete", P(K::NumpadDelete)),
+        ("physical:kp_begin", P(K::NumpadBegin)),
+        ("physical:left_shift", P(K::ShiftLeft)),
+        ("physical:right_shift", P(K::ShiftRight)),
+        ("physical:left_control", P(K::ControlLeft)),
+        ("physical:right_control", P(K::ControlRight)),
+        ("physical:left_alt", P(K::AltLeft)),
+        ("physical:right_alt", P(K::AltRight)),
+        ("physical:left_super", P(K::MetaLeft)),
+        ("physical:right_super", P(K::MetaRight)),
+    ]
+};
+
+/// The codepoint we use for comparisons. Case folding can result
+/// in more codepoints so we need to use a 3 element array.
+///
+/// DEVIATION: Zig uses uucode's full case folding table. Here we use
+/// `char::to_lowercase` (single-char results only) plus a few simple-folding
+/// special cases; multi-codepoint foldings return the codepoint as-is exactly
+/// like Zig does.
+fn folded_codepoint(cp: u32) -> [u32; 3] {
+    // ASCII fast path
+    if let Some(c) = char::from_u32(cp)
+        && c.is_ascii_alphabetic()
+    {
+        return [u32::from(c.to_ascii_lowercase()), 0, 0];
+    }
+
+    // Unicode slow path. Case folding can result in more codepoints.
+    // If more codepoints are produced then we return the codepoint
+    // as-is which isn't correct but until we have a failing test
+    // then I don't want to handle this.
+    let Some(c) = char::from_u32(cp) else {
+        return [cp, 0, 0];
+    };
+    // Simple-fold differences from lowercase.
+    match c {
+        '\u{00B5}' => return [0x03BC, 0, 0],
+        '\u{017F}' => return ['s' as u32, 0, 0],
+        '\u{03C2}' => return [0x03C3, 0, 0],
+        _ => {}
+    }
+    let mut it = c.to_lowercase();
+    match (it.next(), it.next()) {
+        (Some(l), None) => [l as u32, 0, 0],
+        _ => [cp, 0, 0],
+    }
+}
+
+impl Trigger {
+    /// Parse a single trigger. The input is expected to be ONLY the trigger
+    /// (i.e. in the sequence `a=ignore` input is only `a`). The trigger may
+    /// not be part of a sequence (i.e. `a>b`). This parses exactly a single
+    /// trigger.
+    pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Trigger, Error> {
+        if input.is_empty() {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+        }
+        let mut result = Trigger::default();
+        let mut rem: &str = input;
+        'outer: while !rem.is_empty() {
+            let idx = rem.find('+').unwrap_or(rem.len());
+            let part = &rem[..idx];
+            rem = if idx >= rem.len() {
+                ""
+            } else {
+                &rem[idx + 1..]
+            };
+
+            // Check if its a modifier
+            {
+                let slot: Option<&mut bool> = match part {
+                    "shift" => Some(&mut result.mods.shift),
+                    "ctrl" => Some(&mut result.mods.ctrl),
+                    "alt" => Some(&mut result.mods.alt),
+                    "super" => Some(&mut result.mods.super_),
+                    "caps_lock" => Some(&mut result.mods.caps_lock),
+                    "num_lock" => Some(&mut result.mods.num_lock),
+                    _ => None,
+                };
+                if let Some(slot) = slot {
+                    // Repeat not allowed
+                    if *slot {
+                        return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                    }
+                    *slot = true;
+                    continue 'outer;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Alias modifiers
+            for (alias, m) in key_mods::ALIAS {
+                if part == *alias {
+                    // Repeat not allowed
+                    let slot = match m {
+                        key_mods::Mod::Shift => &mut result.mods.shift,
+                        key_mods::Mod::Ctrl => &mut result.mods.ctrl,
+                        key_mods::Mod::Alt => &mut result.mods.alt,
+                        key_mods::Mod::Super => &mut result.mods.super_,
+                    };
+                    if *slot {
+                        return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+                    }
+                    *slot = true;
+                    continue 'outer;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Anything after this point is a key and we only support
+            // single keys.
+            if !result.is_key_unset() {
+                return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+            }
+
+            // If the part is empty it means that it is actually
+            // a literal `+`, which we treat as a Unicode character.
+            if part.is_empty() {
+                result.key = TriggerKey::Unicode('+' as u32);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Check if its a key
+            if part != "unidentified"
+                && let Some(k) = key::Key::from_name(part)
+            {
+                result.key = TriggerKey::Physical(k);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // If we're still unset and we have exactly one unicode
+            // character then we can use that as a key.
+            {
+                let mut it = part.chars();
+                if let (Some(c), None) = (it.next(), it.next()) {
+                    result.key = TriggerKey::Unicode(c as u32);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Look for a matching w3c name next.
+            if let Some(w3c_key) = key::Key::from_w3c(part) {
+                result.key = TriggerKey::Physical(w3c_key);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Check for catch_all. We do this near the end since its unlikely
+            // in most cases that we're setting a catch-all key.
+            if part == "catch_all" {
+                result.key = TriggerKey::CatchAll;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // If we're still unset then we look for backwards compatible
+            // keys with Ghostty 1.1.x. We do this last so its least likely
+            // to impact performance for modern users.
+            if let Some((_, old_key)) = BACKWARDS_COMPATIBLE_KEYS.iter().find(|e| e.0 == part) {
+                result.key = *old_key;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // We didn't recognize this value
+            return Err(Error::InvalidFormat);
+        }
+
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this trigger has no key set.
+    pub fn is_key_unset(&self) -> bool {
+        match self.key {
+            TriggerKey::Physical(v) => v == key::Key::Unidentified,
+            TriggerKey::Unicode(_) | TriggerKey::CatchAll => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a hash code that can be used to uniquely identify this trigger.
+    pub fn hash(&self) -> u64 {
+        let mut h = DefaultHasher::new();
+        self.hash_incremental(&mut h);
+        h.finish()
+    }
+
+    /// Hash the trigger into the given hasher (case-folded for unicode keys).
+    pub fn hash_incremental<H: Hasher>(&self, h: &mut H) {
+        std::mem::discriminant(&self.key).hash(h);
+        match self.key {
+            TriggerKey::Physical(v) => v.hash(h),
+            TriggerKey::Unicode(cp) => folded_codepoint(cp).hash(h),
+            TriggerKey::CatchAll => {}
+        }
+        self.mods.binding().hash(h);
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if two triggers are equal.
+    pub fn equal(&self, other: &Trigger) -> bool {
+        self == other
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if two triggers are equal using folded codepoints.
+    pub fn folded_equal(&self, other: &Trigger) -> bool {
+        if self.mods != other.mods {
+            return false;
+        }
+        match (self.key, other.key) {
+            (TriggerKey::Physical(a), TriggerKey::Physical(b)) => a == b,
+            (TriggerKey::Unicode(a), TriggerKey::Unicode(b)) => {
+                folded_codepoint(a) == folded_codepoint(b)
+            }
+            (TriggerKey::CatchAll, TriggerKey::CatchAll) => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Convert the trigger to a C API compatible trigger.
+    pub fn cval(&self) -> TriggerC {
+        match self.key {
+            TriggerKey::Physical(v) => TriggerC {
+                tag: TriggerCTag::Physical,
+                key: v as u32,
+                mods: self.mods,
+            },
+            TriggerKey::Unicode(v) => TriggerC {
+                tag: TriggerCTag::Unicode,
+                key: v,
+                mods: self.mods,
+            },
+            TriggerKey::CatchAll => TriggerC {
+                tag: TriggerCTag::CatchAll,
+                key: 0,
+                mods: self.mods,
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// C API tag for triggers.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(i32)]
+pub enum TriggerCTag {
+    Physical,
+    Unicode,
+    CatchAll,
+}
+
+/// The struct used for triggers in the C API (`Trigger.C`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct TriggerC {
+    pub tag: TriggerCTag,
+    /// Physical key enum value or unicode codepoint (undefined for catch_all).
+    pub key: u32,
+    pub mods: Mods,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Trigger {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        // Modifiers first
+        if self.mods.super_ {
+            f.write_str("super+")?;
+        }
+        if self.mods.ctrl {
+            f.write_str("ctrl+")?;
+        }
+        if self.mods.alt {
+            f.write_str("alt+")?;
+        }
+        if self.mods.shift {
+            f.write_str("shift+")?;
+        }
+
+        // Key
+        match self.key {
+            TriggerKey::Physical(k) => f.write_str(k.name()),
+            TriggerKey::Unicode(c) => {
+                // Zig `{u}` writes the codepoint as UTF-8.
+                match char::from_u32(c) {
+                    Some(ch) => write!(f, "{ch}"),
+                    None => f.write_str("\u{FFFD}"),
+                }
+            }
+            TriggerKey::CatchAll => f.write_str("catch_all"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Hash-map key wrapper for triggers: equality and hashing use the
+/// case-folded comparison (`Trigger.bindingSetEqual`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct FoldedTrigger(pub Trigger);
+
+impl PartialEq for FoldedTrigger {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.0.folded_equal(&other.0)
+    }
+}
+impl Eq for FoldedTrigger {}
+impl Hash for FoldedTrigger {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.0.hash_incremental(state);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests;

crates/ghostty-input/src/binding/set.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+//! A structure that contains a set of bindings and focuses on fast lookup.
+//! The use case is that this will be called on EVERY key input to look
+//! for an associated action so it must be fast. (`Binding.Set`)
+
+use std::fmt::Write as _;
+
+use indexmap::IndexMap;
+
+use super::{Action, Elem, Error, Flags, FoldedTrigger, Parser, Trigger, TriggerKey};
+use crate::key::KeyEvent;
+
+/// TODO(integration): stand-in for `config/formatter.zig` `EntryFormatter`.
+/// The config crate implements this to write `keybind = <value>` lines.
+pub trait EntryFormatter {
+    /// Format a single `key = value` entry where `value` is a string.
+    fn format_entry(&mut self, value: &str);
+}
+
+/// Errors from [`Set::append_chain`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum AppendChainError {
+    #[error("no chain parent")]
+    NoChainParent,
+}
+
+/// Leaf node of a set is an action to trigger. This is a "leaf" compared
+/// to the inner nodes which are "leaders" for sequences.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Leaf {
+    pub action: Action,
+    pub flags: Flags,
+}
+
+impl Leaf {
+    pub fn hash(&self) -> u64 {
+        use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+        let mut h = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
+        self.action.hash_into(&mut h);
+        self.flags.hash(&mut h);
+        h.finish()
+    }
+
+    pub fn generic(&self) -> GenericLeaf<'_> {
+        GenericLeaf {
+            flags: self.flags,
+            actions: std::slice::from_ref(&self.action),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Leaf node of a set that triggers multiple actions in sequence.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct LeafChained {
+    pub actions: Vec<Action>,
+    pub flags: Flags,
+}
+
+impl LeafChained {
+    pub fn generic(&self) -> GenericLeaf<'_> {
+        GenericLeaf {
+            flags: self.flags,
+            actions: &self.actions,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A generic leaf node that can be used to unify the handling of
+/// leaf and leaf_chained.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct GenericLeaf<'a> {
+    pub flags: Flags,
+    pub actions: &'a [Action],
+}
+
+impl GenericLeaf<'_> {
+    pub fn actions_slice(&self) -> &[Action] {
+        self.actions
+    }
+}
+
+/// The entry type for the forward mapping of trigger to action.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Value {
+    /// This key is a leader key in a sequence. You must follow the given
+    /// set to find the next key in the sequence.
+    Leader(Box<Set>),
+
+    /// This trigger completes a sequence and the value is the action
+    /// to take along with the flags that may define binding behavior.
+    Leaf(Leaf),
+
+    /// A set of actions to take in response to a trigger.
+    LeafChained(LeafChained),
+}
+
+impl Value {
+    pub fn as_leaf(&self) -> Option<&Leaf> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Leaf(l) => Some(l),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_leader(&self) -> Option<&Set> {
+        match self {
+            Value::Leader(s) => Some(s),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_leaf_chained(&self) -> Option<&LeafChained> {
+        match self {
+            Value::LeafChained(l) => Some(l),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Implements the formatter for the fmt package. This encodes the
+    /// action back into the format used by parse.
+    ///
+    /// NOTE: the Zig version has no `leaf_chained` prong (it would not
+    /// compile if used); here only the first action is written.
+    pub fn format(&self) -> String {
+        let mut out = String::new();
+        match self {
+            Value::Leader(set) => {
+                // the leader key was already printed.
+                for (k, v) in &set.bindings {
+                    let _ = write!(out, ">{}{}", k.0, v.format());
+                }
+            }
+            Value::Leaf(leaf) => {
+                // action implements the format
+                let _ = write!(out, "={}", leaf.action);
+            }
+            Value::LeafChained(leaf) => {
+                if let Some(a) = leaf.actions.first() {
+                    let _ = write!(out, "={a}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// Writes the configuration entries for the binding
+    /// that this value is part of.
+    ///
+    /// The value may be part of multiple configuration entries
+    /// if they're all part of the same prefix sequence (e.g. 'a>b', 'a>c').
+    /// These will result in multiple separate entries in the configuration.
+    ///
+    /// `buffer` is temporary storage that is shared between calls to
+    /// nested levels of the set. For example, 'a>b>c=x' and 'a>b>d=y' will
+    /// reuse the 'a>b' written to the buffer before flushing it to the
+    /// formatter with 'c=x' and 'd=y'.
+    pub fn format_entries(&self, buffer: &mut String, formatter: &mut dyn EntryFormatter) {
+        match self {
+            Value::Leader(set) => {
+                // We'll rewind to this position after each sub-entry,
+                // sharing the prefix between siblings.
+                let pos = buffer.len();
+                for (k, v) in &set.bindings {
+                    buffer.truncate(pos);
+                    let _ = write!(buffer, ">{}", k.0);
+                    v.format_entries(buffer, formatter);
+                }
+                buffer.truncate(pos);
+            }
+
+            Value::Leaf(leaf) => {
+                // When we get to the leaf, the buffer contains
+                // the full sequence of keys needed to reach this action.
+                let pos = buffer.len();
+                let _ = write!(buffer, "={}", leaf.action);
+                formatter.format_entry(buffer);
+                buffer.truncate(pos);
+            }
+
+            Value::LeafChained(leaf) => {
+                let pos = buffer.len();
+                for (i, action) in leaf.actions.iter().enumerate() {
+                    if i == 0 {
+                        let _ = write!(buffer, "={action}");
+                        formatter.format_entry(buffer);
+                        buffer.truncate(pos);
+                    } else {
+                        // DEVIATION: Zig rewinds the shared buffer to 0 and
+                        // overwrites the sequence prefix; we use a scratch
+                        // string so sibling entries keep their prefix.
+                        let line = format!("chain={action}");
+                        formatter.format_entry(&line);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum RecurseError {
+    SequenceUnbind,
+    NoChainParent,
+    UnexpectedEndOfInput,
+    InvalidChainAction,
+}
+
+/// A set of bindings with fast lookup.
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Set {
+    /// The set of bindings.
+    pub bindings: IndexMap<FoldedTrigger, Value>,
+
+    /// The reverse mapping of action to binding. Note that multiple
+    /// bindings can map to the same action and this map will only have
+    /// the most recently added binding for an action.
+    ///
+    /// Sequenced triggers are never present in the reverse map at this time.
+    /// This is a conscious decision since the primary use case of the reverse
+    /// map is to support GUI toolkit keyboard accelerators and no mainstream
+    /// GUI toolkit supports sequences.
+    ///
+    /// Performable triggers are also not present in the reverse map. This
+    /// is so that GUI toolkits don't register performable triggers as
+    /// menu shortcuts (the primary use case of the reverse map). GUI toolkits
+    /// such as GTK handle menu shortcuts too early in the event lifecycle
+    /// for performable to work so this is a conscious decision to ease the
+    /// integration with GUI toolkits.
+    reverse: IndexMap<Action, Trigger>,
+
+    /// The chain parent is the information necessary to attach a chained
+    /// action to the proper location in our mapping.
+    ///
+    /// DEVIATION: Zig stores raw pointers; here it is the path of triggers
+    /// (through leader sets) from this set to the parent entry. The last
+    /// element is the parent's own trigger.
+    chain_parent: Option<Vec<Trigger>>,
+}
+
+impl Clone for Set {
+    /// Deep clone the set. The clone has no chain parent.
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Set {
+            bindings: self.bindings.clone(),
+            reverse: self.reverse.clone(),
+            chain_parent: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Set {
+    pub fn new() -> Set {
+        Set::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Deep clone the set (see [`Clone`]).
+    pub fn clone_set(&self) -> Set {
+        self.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// The trigger path of the current chain parent, if any.
+    pub fn chain_parent(&self) -> Option<&[Trigger]> {
+        self.chain_parent.as_deref()
+    }
+
+    /// The (last) trigger of the chain parent, if any.
+    pub fn chain_parent_trigger(&self) -> Option<Trigger> {
+        self.chain_parent.as_ref().and_then(|p| p.last().copied())
+    }
+
+    /// The value of the chain parent, if any.
+    pub fn chain_parent_value(&self) -> Option<&Value> {
+        let path = self.chain_parent.as_ref()?;
+        let (last, prefix) = path.split_last()?;
+        let mut cur = self;
+        for t in prefix {
+            cur = cur.bindings.get(&FoldedTrigger(*t))?.as_leader()?;
+        }
+        cur.bindings.get(&FoldedTrigger(*last))
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a user input binding and add it to the set. This will handle
+    /// the "unbind" case, ensure consumed/unconsumed fields are set correctly,
+    /// handle sequences, etc.
+    ///
+    /// Any Error returned is validated before any set modifications are made.
+    pub fn parse_and_put(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // To make cleanup easier, we ensure that the full sequence is
+        // valid before making any set modifications.
+        let mut it = Parser::new(input)?;
+        while it.next_elem()?.is_some() {}
+        it.reset();
+
+        match Set::parse_and_put_recurse(self, &mut it, true) {
+            // If we have an updated set (a binding was added) then we store
+            // it for our chain parent.
+            Ok(Some(path)) => self.chain_parent = Some(path),
+
+            // If we didn't update a set then we clear our chain parent since
+            // chaining is no longer valid until a valid binding is saved.
+            // SequenceUnbind reaching the root means we've unbound all the
+            // way up and this put was a success.
+            Ok(None) | Err(RecurseError::SequenceUnbind) => self.chain_parent = None,
+
+            // If our parser input was too short then the format
+            // is invalid because we handle all valid cases. A chain without
+            // a parent or an invalid chain action are format errors too.
+            Err(
+                RecurseError::UnexpectedEndOfInput
+                | RecurseError::NoChainParent
+                | RecurseError::InvalidChainAction,
+            ) => return Err(Error::InvalidFormat),
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the path (relative to `set`) of the leaf that was
+    /// ultimately updated if a binding was added.
+    fn parse_and_put_recurse(
+        set: &mut Set,
+        it: &mut Parser<'_>,
+        root: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Vec<Trigger>>, RecurseError> {
+        let elem = it
+            .next_elem()
+            .ok()
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or(RecurseError::UnexpectedEndOfInput)?;
+        match elem {
+            Elem::Leader(t) => {
+                // If we have a leader, we need to upsert a set for it.
+                enum Old {
+                    None,
+                    Leaf(Leaf),
+                    Chained(LeafChained),
+                }
+                let key = FoldedTrigger(t);
+                let mut old = Old::None;
+                if let Some(entry) = set.bindings.get_mut(&key) {
+                    match entry {
+                        // We have an existing leader for this key already
+                        // so recurse into this set.
+                        Value::Leader(s) => {
+                            let r = Set::parse_and_put_recurse(s, it, false);
+                            return match r {
+                                Ok(path) => Ok(path.map(|p| prepend(t, p))),
+                                // Our child put unbound. If our set is empty we
+                                // need to dealloc and continue up. If our set is
+                                // not empty then we're done.
+                                Err(RecurseError::SequenceUnbind) => {
+                                    if s.bindings.is_empty() {
+                                        set.remove(t);
+                                        Err(RecurseError::SequenceUnbind)
+                                    } else {
+                                        Ok(None)
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                Err(e) => Err(e),
+                            };
+                        }
+                        Value::Leaf(l) => old = Old::Leaf(l.clone()),
+                        Value::LeafChained(l) => old = Old::Chained(l.clone()),
+                    }
+                    // Remove the existing action. Fallthrough as if
+                    // we don't have a leader.
+                    set.remove(t);
+                }
+
+                // Create our new set for this leader and insert the leader entry
+                set.bindings.insert(key, Value::Leader(Box::default()));
+
+                // Recurse
+                let r = {
+                    let Some(Value::Leader(next)) = set.bindings.get_mut(&key) else {
+                        unreachable!("leader was just inserted");
+                    };
+                    Set::parse_and_put_recurse(next, it, false)
+                };
+                match r {
+                    Ok(path) => Ok(path.map(|p| prepend(t, p))),
+                    // If our action was to unbind, we restore the old
+                    // action if we have it.
+                    Err(RecurseError::SequenceUnbind) => {
+                        set.remove(t);
+                        match old {
+                            Old::None => {}
+                            Old::Leaf(leaf) => set.put_flags(t, leaf.action, leaf.flags),
+                            Old::Chained(leaf) => {
+                                // Rebuild our chain
+                                let mut actions = leaf.actions.into_iter();
+                                if let Some(first) = actions.next() {
+                                    set.put_flags(t, first, leaf.flags);
+                                    for action in actions {
+                                        if set.append_chain(action).is_err() {
+                                            set.remove(t);
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        Ok(None)
+                    }
+                    Err(e) => Err(e),
+                }
+            }
+
+            Elem::Binding(b) => match b.action {
+                Action::Unbind => {
+                    set.remove(b.trigger);
+                    Err(RecurseError::SequenceUnbind)
+                }
+                action => {
+                    set.put_flags(b.trigger, action, b.flags);
+                    Ok(set.chain_parent.clone())
+                }
+            },
+
+            Elem::Chain(action) => {
+                // Chains can only happen on the root.
+                debug_assert!(root);
+                // Unbind is not valid for chains.
+                if action == Action::Unbind {
+                    return Err(RecurseError::InvalidChainAction);
+                }
+                set.append_chain(action)
+                    .map_err(|_| RecurseError::NoChainParent)?;
+                Ok(set.chain_parent.clone())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Add a binding to the set. If the binding already exists then
+    /// this will overwrite it.
+    pub fn put(&mut self, t: Trigger, action: Action) {
+        self.put_flags(t, action, Flags::default());
+    }
+
+    /// Add a binding to the set with explicit flags.
+    pub fn put_flags(&mut self, t: Trigger, action: Action, flags: Flags) {
+        // unbind should never go into the set, it should be handled prior
+        assert_ne!(action, Action::Unbind);
+
+        // This is true if we're going to track this entry as
+        // a reverse mapping. There are certain scenarios we don't.
+        // See the reverse map docs for more information.
+        let track_reverse = !flags.performable;
+
+        self.chain_parent = None;
+
+        let key = FoldedTrigger(t);
+        // If we have an existing binding for this trigger, we have to
+        // update the reverse mapping to remove the old action. A leader or
+        // chained leaf is simply replaced (chained leaves aren't in the
+        // reverse mapping).
+        if track_reverse && matches!(self.bindings.get(&key), Some(Value::Leaf(_))) {
+            let t_hash = t.hash();
+            if let Some(i) = self.reverse.values().position(|v| v.hash() == t_hash) {
+                self.reverse.swap_remove_index(i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // `insert` keeps the existing key and position (like getOrPut).
+        self.bindings.insert(
+            key,
+            Value::Leaf(Leaf {
+                action: action.clone(),
+                flags,
+            }),
+        );
+
+        if track_reverse {
+            self.reverse.insert(action, t);
+        }
+
+        let stored = self.bindings.get_key_value(&key).map_or(t, |(k, _)| k.0);
+        self.chain_parent = Some(vec![stored]);
+    }
+
+    /// Append a chained action to the prior set action.
+    ///
+    /// It is an error if there is no valid prior chain parent.
+    pub fn append_chain(&mut self, action: Action) -> Result<(), AppendChainError> {
+        // Unbind is not a valid chain action; callers must check this.
+        assert_ne!(action, Action::Unbind);
+
+        let path = self
+            .chain_parent
+            .clone()
+            .ok_or(AppendChainError::NoChainParent)?;
+        let (last, prefix) = path.split_last().ok_or(AppendChainError::NoChainParent)?;
+
+        // Navigate to the set that owns the parent entry.
+        let mut parent_set: &mut Set = self;
+        for t in prefix {
+            match parent_set.bindings.get_mut(&FoldedTrigger(*t)) {
+                Some(Value::Leader(s)) => parent_set = s,
+                _ => return Err(AppendChainError::NoChainParent),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let key = FoldedTrigger(*last);
+        let Some((idx, stored_key, value)) = parent_set.bindings.get_full_mut(&key) else {
+            return Err(AppendChainError::NoChainParent);
+        };
+        let stored_key = stored_key.0;
+        let _ = idx;
+        match value {
+            // Leader can never be a chain parent. Verified through various
+            // assertions and unit tests.
+            Value::Leader(_) => unreachable!("leader can never be a chain parent"),
+
+            // If it is already a chained action, we just append the
+            // action. Easy!
+            Value::LeafChained(leaf) => leaf.actions.push(action),
+
+            // If it is a leaf, we need to convert it to a leaf_chained.
+            // We also need to be careful to remove any prior reverse
+            // mappings for this action since chained actions are not
+            // part of the reverse mapping.
+            Value::Leaf(leaf) => {
+                let first = leaf.action.clone();
+                let flags = leaf.flags;
+
+                // Convert to leaf_chained first, before fixing up reverse
+                // mapping, so the fixup doesn't find this (now chained) entry.
+                *value = Value::LeafChained(LeafChained {
+                    actions: vec![first.clone(), action],
+                    flags,
+                });
+
+                // Clean up our reverse mapping. Chained actions are not
+                // part of the reverse mapping, so we need to fix up the
+                // reverse map (possibly restoring another trigger for the
+                // same action).
+                parent_set.fixup_reverse_for_action(&first, stored_key);
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Get a binding for a given trigger.
+    pub fn get(&self, t: Trigger) -> Option<&Value> {
+        self.bindings.get(&FoldedTrigger(t))
+    }
+
+    /// Get the stored key and value for a given trigger.
+    pub fn get_entry(&self, t: Trigger) -> Option<(&Trigger, &Value)> {
+        self.bindings
+            .get_key_value(&FoldedTrigger(t))
+            .map(|(k, v)| (&k.0, v))
+    }
+
+    /// Get a trigger for the given action. An action can have multiple
+    /// triggers so this will return the first one found.
+    pub fn get_trigger(&self, a: &Action) -> Option<Trigger> {
+        self.reverse.get(a).copied()
+    }
+
+    /// Get an entry for the given key event. This will attempt to find
+    /// a binding using multiple parts of the event in the following order:
+    ///
+    ///   1. Translated key (event.key)
+    ///   2. Physical key (event.physical_key)
+    ///   3. Unshifted Unicode codepoint (event.unshifted_codepoint)
+    pub fn get_event(&self, event: &KeyEvent<'_>) -> Option<(&Trigger, &Value)> {
+        let mut trigger = Trigger {
+            mods: event.mods.binding(),
+            key: TriggerKey::Physical(event.key),
+        };
+        if let Some(v) = self.get_entry(trigger) {
+            return Some(v);
+        }
+
+        // If our UTF-8 text is exactly one codepoint, we try to match that.
+        if !event.utf8.is_empty() {
+            let mut it = event.utf8.chars();
+            // No codepoints or multiple codepoints drops to invalid format
+            if let (Some(cp), None) = (it.next(), it.next()) {
+                trigger.key = TriggerKey::Unicode(cp as u32);
+                if let Some(v) = self.get_entry(trigger) {
+                    return Some(v);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Finally fallback to the full unshifted codepoint if we have one.
+        // Question: should we be doing this if we have UTF-8 text? I
+        // suspect "no" but we don't currently have any failing scenarios
+        // to verify this.
+        if event.unshifted_codepoint > 0 {
+            trigger.key = TriggerKey::Unicode(event.unshifted_codepoint);
+            if let Some(v) = self.get_entry(trigger) {
+                return Some(v);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Fallback to catch_all with modifiers first, then without modifiers.
+        trigger.key = TriggerKey::CatchAll;
+        if let Some(v) = self.get_entry(trigger) {
+            return Some(v);
+        }
+        if !trigger.mods.empty() {
+            trigger.mods = crate::key_mods::Mods::default();
+            if let Some(v) = self.get_entry(trigger) {
+                return Some(v);
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Remove a binding for a given trigger.
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, t: Trigger) {
+        // Removal always resets our chain parent. We could make this
+        // finer grained but the way it is documented is that chaining
+        // must happen directly after sets so this works.
+        self.chain_parent = None;
+
+        let Some(entry) = self.bindings.swap_remove(&FoldedTrigger(t)) else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        match entry {
+            // For a leader removal, the child set is dropped. Leaders are
+            // never part of reverse maps so no other accounting is needed.
+            Value::Leader(_) => {}
+
+            // For an action we need to fix up the reverse mapping.
+            Value::Leaf(leaf) => self.fixup_reverse_for_action(&leaf.action, t),
+
+            // Chained leaves are never in our reverse mapping so no
+            // cleanup is required.
+            Value::LeafChained(_) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Fix up the reverse mapping after removing an action.
+    ///
+    /// When an action is removed from a binding (either by removal or by
+    /// converting to a chained action), we need to update the reverse mapping.
+    /// If another binding has the same action, we update the reverse mapping
+    /// to point to that binding. Otherwise, we remove the action from the
+    /// reverse mapping entirely.
+    ///
+    /// The `old` parameter is the trigger that was previously bound to this
+    /// action. It is used to check if the reverse mapping still points to
+    /// this trigger; if not, no fixup is needed since the reverse map already
+    /// points to a different trigger for this action.
+    fn fixup_reverse_for_action(&mut self, action: &Action, old: Trigger) {
+        let Some(entry) = self.reverse.get_mut(action) else {
+            return;
+        };
+
+        // If our value is not the same as the old trigger, we can
+        // ignore it because our reverse mapping points somewhere else.
+        if !entry.equal(&old) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // It is the same trigger, so let's now go through our bindings
+        // and try to find another trigger that maps to the same action.
+        let action_hash = action.hash();
+        for (k, v) in &self.bindings {
+            if let Value::Leaf(leaf_search) = v
+                && leaf_search.action.hash() == action_hash
+            {
+                *entry = k.0;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // No other trigger points to this action so we remove
+        // the reverse mapping completely.
+        self.reverse.swap_remove(action);
+    }
+}
+
+fn prepend(t: Trigger, mut p: Vec<Trigger>) -> Vec<Trigger> {
+    p.insert(0, t);
+    p
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/binding/tests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,1560 @@
+#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+
+use super::set::{AppendChainError, EntryFormatter, Value};
+use super::*;
+use crate::key::{Key, KeyEvent};
+use crate::key_mods::Mods;
+
+fn uni(c: char) -> Trigger {
+    Trigger {
+        key: TriggerKey::Unicode(c as u32),
+        ..Trigger::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn phys(k: Key) -> TriggerKey {
+    TriggerKey::Physical(k)
+}
+
+fn ctrl() -> Mods {
+    Mods {
+        ctrl: true,
+        ..Mods::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn shift() -> Mods {
+    Mods {
+        shift: true,
+        ..Mods::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn bind(trigger: Trigger, action: Action) -> Binding {
+    Binding {
+        trigger,
+        action,
+        flags: Flags::default(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn bind_flags(trigger: Trigger, action: Action, flags: Flags) -> Binding {
+    Binding {
+        trigger,
+        action,
+        flags,
+    }
+}
+
+fn trig(mods: Mods, key: TriggerKey) -> Trigger {
+    Trigger { key, mods }
+}
+
+fn ps(s: &str) -> Binding {
+    parse_single(s).unwrap()
+}
+
+fn ps_err(s: &str) -> ParseSingleError {
+    parse_single(s).unwrap_err()
+}
+
+const INVALID: ParseSingleError = ParseSingleError::Error(Error::InvalidFormat);
+
+#[test]
+fn flags_cval() {
+    assert_eq!(Flags::default().cval(), 0b0001);
+    assert_eq!(
+        Flags {
+            consumed: false,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        }
+        .cval(),
+        0b0000
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        Flags {
+            all: true,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        }
+        .cval(),
+        0b0011
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        Flags {
+            global: true,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        }
+        .cval(),
+        0b0101
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        Flags {
+            performable: true,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        }
+        .cval(),
+        0b1001
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        Flags {
+            consumed: true,
+            all: true,
+            global: true,
+            performable: true
+        }
+        .cval(),
+        0b1111
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn split_focus_direction_parse() {
+    use SplitFocusDirection as D;
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("previous"), Ok(D::Previous));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("next"), Ok(D::Next));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("up"), Ok(D::Up));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("left"), Ok(D::Left));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("down"), Ok(D::Down));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("right"), Ok(D::Right));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("top"), Ok(D::Up));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("bottom"), Ok(D::Down));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse(""), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+    assert_eq!(D::parse("green"), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_triggers() {
+    // single character
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=ignore"), bind(uni('a'), Action::Ignore));
+
+    // single modifier
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("shift+a=ignore"),
+        bind(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("ctrl+a=ignore"),
+        bind(
+            trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore
+        )
+    );
+
+    // multiple modifier
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("shift+ctrl+a=ignore"),
+        bind(
+            trig(
+                Mods {
+                    shift: true,
+                    ctrl: true,
+                    ..Mods::default()
+                },
+                TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+            ),
+            Action::Ignore
+        )
+    );
+
+    // key can come before modifier
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a+shift=ignore"),
+        bind(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore
+        )
+    );
+
+    // physical keys
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("shift+key_a=ignore"),
+        bind(trig(shift(), phys(Key::KeyA)), Action::Ignore)
+    );
+
+    // unicode keys
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("shift+ö=ignore"),
+        bind(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('ö' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore
+        )
+    );
+
+    // unconsumed keys
+    let unconsumed = Flags {
+        consumed: false,
+        ..Flags::default()
+    };
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("unconsumed:shift+a=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore,
+            unconsumed
+        )
+    );
+
+    // unconsumed physical keys
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("unconsumed:key_a+shift=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(trig(shift(), phys(Key::KeyA)), Action::Ignore, unconsumed)
+    );
+
+    // performable keys
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("performable:shift+a=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore,
+            Flags {
+                performable: true,
+                ..Flags::default()
+            }
+        )
+    );
+
+    // invalid key
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("foo=ignore"), INVALID);
+
+    // repeated control
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("shift+shift+a=ignore"), INVALID);
+
+    // multiple character
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a+b=ignore"), INVALID);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_w3c_key_names() {
+    // Exact match
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("KeyA=ignore"),
+        bind(trig(Mods::default(), phys(Key::KeyA)), Action::Ignore)
+    );
+
+    // Case-sensitive
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("Keya=ignore"), INVALID);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_catch_all() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("catch_all=ignore"),
+        bind(trig(Mods::default(), TriggerKey::CatchAll), Action::Ignore)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("ctrl+catch_all=ignore"),
+        bind(trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::CatchAll), Action::Ignore)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_plus_sign() {
+    assert_eq!(ps("+=ignore"), bind(uni('+'), Action::Ignore));
+
+    // Modifier
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("ctrl++=ignore"),
+        bind(
+            trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('+' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore
+        )
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("++=ignore"), INVALID);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_equals_sign() {
+    assert_eq!(ps("==ignore"), bind(uni('='), Action::Ignore));
+
+    // Modifier
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("ctrl+==ignore"),
+        bind(
+            trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('=' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore
+        )
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("=ignore"), INVALID);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_text_action_equals_sign() {
+    let b = ps("==text:=");
+    assert_eq!(b.trigger, uni('='));
+    assert_eq!(b.action, Action::Text("=".into()));
+
+    let b = ps("==text:=hello");
+    assert_eq!(b.trigger, uni('='));
+    assert_eq!(b.action, Action::Text("=hello".into()));
+
+    let b = ps("ctrl+==text:=hello");
+    assert_eq!(b.trigger, trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('=' as u32)));
+    assert_eq!(b.action, Action::Text("=hello".into()));
+
+    let b = ps("=+ctrl=text:=hello");
+    assert_eq!(b.trigger, trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('=' as u32)));
+    assert_eq!(b.action, Action::Text("=hello".into()));
+}
+
+// For Ghostty 1.2+ we changed our key names to match the W3C and removed
+// `physical:`. This tests the backwards compatibility with the old format.
+#[test]
+fn parse_backwards_compatibility_with_le_1_1_x() {
+    // simple, for sanity
+    assert_eq!(ps("zero=ignore"), bind(uni('0'), Action::Ignore));
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("physical:zero=ignore"),
+        bind(trig(Mods::default(), phys(Key::Digit0)), Action::Ignore)
+    );
+
+    // duplicates
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("zero+one=ignore"), INVALID);
+
+    // test our full map
+    for (k, v) in BACKWARDS_COMPATIBLE_KEYS {
+        assert_eq!(
+            ps(&format!("{k}=ignore")),
+            bind(trig(Mods::default(), *v), Action::Ignore),
+            "{k}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_global_triggers() {
+    let g = Flags {
+        global: true,
+        ..Flags::default()
+    };
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("global:shift+a=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore,
+            g
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("global:key_a+shift=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(trig(shift(), phys(Key::KeyA)), Action::Ignore, g)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("unconsumed:global:a+shift=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore,
+            Flags {
+                global: true,
+                consumed: false,
+                ..Flags::default()
+            }
+        )
+    );
+
+    // global sequences not allowed
+    let mut p = Parser::new("global:a>b=ignore").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_all_triggers() {
+    let a = Flags {
+        all: true,
+        ..Flags::default()
+    };
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("all:shift+a=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore,
+            a
+        )
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("all:key_a+shift=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(trig(shift(), phys(Key::KeyA)), Action::Ignore, a)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("unconsumed:all:a+shift=ignore"),
+        bind_flags(
+            trig(shift(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+            Action::Ignore,
+            Flags {
+                all: true,
+                consumed: false,
+                ..Flags::default()
+            }
+        )
+    );
+
+    // all sequences not allowed
+    let mut p = Parser::new("all:a>b=ignore").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn trigger_equal() {
+    let t = |key, mods| Trigger { key, mods };
+    let up = phys(Key::ArrowUp);
+    let down = phys(Key::ArrowDown);
+
+    // Equal physical keys
+    assert!(t(up, ctrl()).equal(&t(up, ctrl())));
+    // Different physical keys
+    assert!(!t(up, ctrl()).equal(&t(down, ctrl())));
+    // Different mods
+    assert!(!t(up, ctrl()).equal(&t(up, shift())));
+    // Equal unicode keys
+    let ua = TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32);
+    let ub = TriggerKey::Unicode('b' as u32);
+    assert!(t(ua, Mods::default()).equal(&t(ua, Mods::default())));
+    // Different unicode keys
+    assert!(!t(ua, Mods::default()).equal(&t(ub, Mods::default())));
+    // Different key types
+    assert!(!t(ua, Mods::default()).equal(&t(phys(Key::KeyA), Mods::default())));
+    // catch_all
+    let ca = TriggerKey::CatchAll;
+    assert!(t(ca, Mods::default()).equal(&t(ca, Mods::default())));
+    // catch_all with different mods
+    let alt = Mods {
+        alt: true,
+        ..Mods::default()
+    };
+    assert!(!t(ca, Mods::default()).equal(&t(ca, alt)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_modifier_aliases() {
+    let sup = Mods {
+        super_: true,
+        ..Mods::default()
+    };
+    let alt = Mods {
+        alt: true,
+        ..Mods::default()
+    };
+    let a = TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32);
+    assert_eq!(ps("cmd+a=ignore"), bind(trig(sup, a), Action::Ignore));
+    assert_eq!(ps("command+a=ignore"), bind(trig(sup, a), Action::Ignore));
+    assert_eq!(ps("opt+a=ignore"), bind(trig(alt, a), Action::Ignore));
+    assert_eq!(ps("option+a=ignore"), bind(trig(alt, a), Action::Ignore));
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("control+a=ignore"),
+        bind(trig(ctrl(), a), Action::Ignore)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_invalid() {
+    // invalid action
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps_err("a=nopenopenope"),
+        ParseSingleError::Error(Error::InvalidAction)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_no_parameters() {
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=ignore"), bind(uni('a'), Action::Ignore));
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=ignore:A"), INVALID);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_with_string() {
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=csi:A").action, Action::Csi("A".into()));
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=esc:A").action, Action::Esc("A".into()));
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=set_surface_title:surface").action,
+        Action::SetSurfaceTitle("surface".into())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=set_tab_title:tab").action,
+        Action::SetTabTitle("tab".into())
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_with_enum() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=new_split:right").action,
+        Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::Right)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_with_enum_with_default() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=new_split").action,
+        Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::Auto)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_with_int() {
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=jump_to_prompt:-1").action, Action::JumpToPrompt(-1));
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=jump_to_prompt:10").action, Action::JumpToPrompt(10));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_with_float() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=scroll_page_fractional:-0.5").action,
+        Action::ScrollPageFractional(-0.5)
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=scroll_page_fractional:+0.5").action,
+        Action::ScrollPageFractional(0.5)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_action_with_a_tuple() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=resize_split:up,10").action,
+        Action::ResizeSplit(SplitResizeParameter(SplitResizeDirection::Up, 10))
+    );
+
+    // missing parameter
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=resize_split:up"), INVALID);
+    // too many
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=resize_split:up,10,12"), INVALID);
+    // invalid type
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=resize_split:up,four"), INVALID);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_chain() {
+    // Valid
+    {
+        let mut p = Parser::new("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Ok(Some(Elem::Chain(Action::NewTab))));
+        assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Ok(None));
+    }
+
+    // Chain can't have flags
+    assert_eq!(
+        Parser::new("global:chain=ignore").unwrap_err(),
+        Error::InvalidFormat
+    );
+
+    // Chain can't be part of a sequence
+    {
+        let mut p = Parser::new("a>chain=ignore").unwrap();
+        let _ = p.next_elem();
+        assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn sequence_iterator() {
+    // single character
+    {
+        let mut it = SequenceIterator::new("a");
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Ok(Some(uni('a'))));
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Ok(None));
+    }
+
+    // multi character
+    {
+        let mut it = SequenceIterator::new("a>b");
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Ok(Some(uni('a'))));
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Ok(Some(uni('b'))));
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Ok(None));
+    }
+
+    // empty
+    {
+        let mut it = SequenceIterator::new("");
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+    }
+
+    // empty starting sequence
+    {
+        let mut it = SequenceIterator::new(">a");
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+    }
+
+    // empty ending sequence
+    {
+        let mut it = SequenceIterator::new("a>");
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Ok(Some(uni('a'))));
+        assert_eq!(it.next_trigger(), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_sequences() {
+    // single character
+    {
+        let mut p = Parser::new("ctrl+a=ignore").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            p.next_elem(),
+            Ok(Some(Elem::Binding(bind(
+                trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+                Action::Ignore
+            ))))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Ok(None));
+    }
+
+    // sequence
+    {
+        let mut p = Parser::new("a>b=ignore").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Ok(Some(Elem::Leader(uni('a')))));
+        assert_eq!(
+            p.next_elem(),
+            Ok(Some(Elem::Binding(bind(uni('b'), Action::Ignore))))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(p.next_elem(), Ok(None));
+    }
+}
+
+fn leaf(s: &Set, t: Trigger) -> &set::Leaf {
+    s.get(t).unwrap().as_leaf().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_typical_binding() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    // Creates forward mapping
+    let l = leaf(&s, uni('a'));
+    assert_eq!(l.action, Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(l.flags, Flags::default());
+
+    // Creates reverse mapping
+    let trigger = s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(trigger.key, TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32));
+
+    // Sets up the chain parent properly
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_some());
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent_trigger().unwrap().to_string(), "a");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_unconsumed_binding() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("unconsumed:a=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    let l = leaf(&s, uni('a'));
+    assert_eq!(l.action, Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(
+        l.flags,
+        Flags {
+            consumed: false,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        }
+    );
+
+    let trigger = s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(trigger.key, TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32));
+
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_some());
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent_trigger().unwrap().to_string(), "a");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_removed_binding() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=unbind").unwrap();
+
+    assert!(s.get(uni('a')).is_none());
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).is_none());
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_put_sets_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_some());
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent_trigger().unwrap().to_string(), "a");
+    assert!(matches!(s.chain_parent_value(), Some(Value::Leaf(_))));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_put_flags_sets_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put_flags(
+        uni('a'),
+        Action::NewWindow,
+        Flags {
+            consumed: false,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        },
+    );
+
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent_trigger().unwrap().to_string(), "a");
+    let v = s.chain_parent_value().unwrap().as_leaf().unwrap();
+    assert!(!v.flags.consumed);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_sequence_sets_chain_parent_to_final_leaf() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent_trigger().unwrap().to_string(), "b");
+    let v = s.chain_parent_value().unwrap().as_leaf().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(v.action, Action::NewWindow);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_multiple_leaves_under_leader_updates_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent_trigger().unwrap().to_string(), "b");
+
+    s.parse_and_put("a>c=new_tab").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent_trigger().unwrap().to_string(), "c");
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.chain_parent_value().unwrap().as_leaf().unwrap().action,
+        Action::NewTab
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_sequence_unbind_clears_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_some());
+
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=unbind").unwrap();
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_sequence_unbind_with_remaining_leaves_clears_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>c=new_tab").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=unbind").unwrap();
+
+    // After unbind, chain_parent should be cleared even though 'c' remains
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_none());
+
+    // But 'c' should still exist
+    let inner = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leader().unwrap();
+    assert!(inner.get(uni('c')).is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_direct_remove_clears_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_some());
+
+    s.remove(uni('a'));
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_invalid_format_preserves_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    let before = s.chain_parent().map(<[Trigger]>::to_vec);
+
+    // Try an invalid parse - should fail
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.parse_and_put("a=invalid_action_xyz"),
+        Err(Error::InvalidAction)
+    );
+
+    // chain_parent should be unchanged
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_some());
+    assert_eq!(s.chain_parent().map(<[Trigger]>::to_vec), before);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_clone_produces_null_chain_parent() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_some());
+
+    let cloned = s.clone_set();
+    assert!(cloned.chain_parent().is_none());
+    assert!(cloned.get(uni('a')).is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_clone_with_leaf_chained() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+
+    let entry = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(entry.as_leaf_chained().unwrap().actions.len(), 2);
+
+    let cloned = s.clone_set();
+    let ce = cloned.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ce.actions.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(ce.actions[0], Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(ce.actions[1], Action::NewTab);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_clone_with_leaf_chained_containing_allocated_data() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=text:hello").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=text:world").unwrap();
+
+    assert!(s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().is_some());
+
+    let cloned = s.clone_set();
+    let ce = cloned.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(ce.actions[0], Action::Text("hello".into()));
+    assert_eq!(ce.actions[1], Action::Text("world".into()));
+
+    // Truly cloned, not shared.
+    let (Action::Text(orig), Action::Text(copy)) = (
+        &s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap().actions[0],
+        &ce.actions[0],
+    ) else {
+        panic!("expected text");
+    };
+    assert_ne!(orig.as_ptr(), copy.as_ptr());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_sequence() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    let inner = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leader().unwrap();
+    let l = leaf(inner, uni('b'));
+    assert_eq!(l.action, Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(l.flags, Flags::default());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_sequence_with_two_actions() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>c=new_tab").unwrap();
+    let inner = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leader().unwrap();
+    let b = leaf(inner, uni('b'));
+    assert_eq!(b.action, Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(b.flags, Flags::default());
+    let c = leaf(inner, uni('c'));
+    assert_eq!(c.action, Action::NewTab);
+    assert_eq!(c.flags, Flags::default());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_overwrite_sequence() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_tab").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    let inner = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leader().unwrap();
+    let b = leaf(inner, uni('b'));
+    assert_eq!(b.action, Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(b.flags, Flags::default());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_overwrite_leader() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_tab").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    let inner = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leader().unwrap();
+    let b = leaf(inner, uni('b'));
+    assert_eq!(b.action, Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(b.flags, Flags::default());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_unbind_sequence_unbinds_leader() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=unbind").unwrap();
+    assert!(s.get(uni('a')).is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_unbind_sequence_unbinds_leader_if_not_set() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=unbind").unwrap();
+    assert!(s.get(uni('a')).is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_unbind_sequence_restores_previous_leaf() {
+    // Extra: a failed leader insert must restore the old leaf binding.
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_tab").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=unbind").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(leaf(&s, uni('a')).action, Action::NewTab);
+    assert!(s.chain_parent().is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_sequence_preserves_reverse_mapping() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    let trigger = s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(trigger.key, TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_put_overwrites_sequence() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.put(
+        trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+        Action::NewWindow,
+    );
+
+    let trigger = s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(trigger.key, TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_maintains_reverse_mapping() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+    );
+
+    // should be most recent
+    s.put(uni('b'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('b' as u32)
+    );
+
+    // removal should replace
+    s.remove(uni('b'));
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_performable_is_not_part_of_reverse_mappings() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+    );
+
+    // trigger should be non-performable
+    s.put_flags(
+        uni('b'),
+        Action::NewWindow,
+        Flags {
+            performable: true,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        },
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+    );
+
+    // removal of performable should do nothing
+    s.remove(uni('b'));
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_overriding_a_mapping_updates_reverse() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+    );
+
+    // should be most recent
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewTab);
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_consumed_state() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert!(leaf(&s, uni('a')).flags.consumed);
+
+    s.put_flags(
+        uni('a'),
+        Action::NewWindow,
+        Flags {
+            consumed: false,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        },
+    );
+    assert!(!leaf(&s, uni('a')).flags.consumed);
+
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert!(leaf(&s, uni('a')).flags.consumed);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_chain() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+
+    // Creates forward mapping as leaf_chained
+    let chained = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[0], Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[1], Action::NewTab);
+
+    // Does not create reverse mapping, because reverse mappings are only for
+    // non-chained actions.
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_chain_without_parent_is_error() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    assert_eq!(s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab"), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_chain_multiple_times() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=close_surface").unwrap();
+
+    let chained = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions.len(), 3);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[0], Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[1], Action::NewTab);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[2], Action::CloseSurface);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_chain_preserves_flags() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("unconsumed:a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+
+    let chained = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert!(!chained.flags.consumed);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions.len(), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_chain_after_unbind_is_error() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=unbind").unwrap();
+
+    // Chain after unbind should fail because chain_parent is cleared
+    assert_eq!(s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab"), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_chain_on_sequence() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+
+    let inner = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leader().unwrap();
+    let chained = inner.get(uni('b')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[0], Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[1], Action::NewTab);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_parse_and_put_chain_with_unbind_is_error() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    // chain=unbind is not valid
+    assert_eq!(s.parse_and_put("chain=unbind"), Err(Error::InvalidFormat));
+
+    // Original binding should still exist
+    assert_eq!(leaf(&s, uni('a')).action, Action::NewWindow);
+}
+
+fn ev(key: Key, mods: Mods, utf8: &str, unshifted: u32) -> KeyEvent<'_> {
+    KeyEvent {
+        key,
+        mods,
+        utf8,
+        unshifted_codepoint: unshifted,
+        ..KeyEvent::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn ev_action(s: &Set, e: &KeyEvent<'_>) -> Option<Action> {
+    s.get_event(e)
+        .map(|(_, v)| v.as_leaf().unwrap().action.clone())
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_get_event_physical() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+quote=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    // Physical matches on physical
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::Quote, ctrl(), "", 0)),
+        Some(Action::NewWindow)
+    );
+
+    // Physical does not match on UTF8/codepoint
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, ctrl(), "'", '\'' as u32)),
+        None
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_get_event_codepoint() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+'=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    // Matches on codepoint
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, ctrl(), "", '\'' as u32)),
+        Some(Action::NewWindow)
+    );
+
+    // Matches on UTF-8
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, ctrl(), "'", 0)),
+        Some(Action::NewWindow)
+    );
+
+    // Doesn't match on physical
+    assert_eq!(ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, ctrl(), "", 0)), None);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_get_event_codepoint_case_folding() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+A=new_window").unwrap();
+
+    // Lowercase codepoint
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyJ, ctrl(), "", 'a' as u32)),
+        Some(Action::NewWindow)
+    );
+
+    // Uppercase codepoint
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, ctrl(), "", 'A' as u32)),
+        Some(Action::NewWindow)
+    );
+
+    // Negative case for sanity
+    assert_eq!(ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyJ, ctrl(), "", 0)), None);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_get_event_catch_all_fallback() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("catch_all=ignore").unwrap();
+
+    // Matches unbound key without modifiers
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, Mods::default(), "", 0)),
+        Some(Action::Ignore)
+    );
+
+    // Matches unbound key with modifiers (falls back to catch_all without mods)
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, ctrl(), "", 0)),
+        Some(Action::Ignore)
+    );
+
+    // Specific binding takes precedence over catch_all
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+b=new_window").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyB, ctrl(), "", 'b' as u32)),
+        Some(Action::NewWindow)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_get_event_catch_all_with_modifiers() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+catch_all=close_surface").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("catch_all=ignore").unwrap();
+
+    // Key with ctrl matches catch_all with ctrl modifier
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, ctrl(), "", 0)),
+        Some(Action::CloseSurface)
+    );
+
+    // Key without mods matches catch_all without mods
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, Mods::default(), "", 0)),
+        Some(Action::Ignore)
+    );
+
+    // Key with different mods falls back to catch_all without mods
+    let alt = Mods {
+        alt: true,
+        ..Mods::default()
+    };
+    assert_eq!(
+        ev_action(&s, &ev(Key::KeyA, alt, "", 0)),
+        Some(Action::Ignore)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn action_clone() {
+    let a = Action::Ignore;
+    assert_eq!(a.clone(), Action::Ignore);
+
+    let a = Action::Text("foo".into());
+    assert_eq!(a.clone(), Action::Text("foo".into()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_increase_font_size() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=increase_font_size:1.5").action,
+        Action::IncreaseFontSize(1.5)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_decrease_font_size() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=decrease_font_size:2.5").action,
+        Action::DecreaseFontSize(2.5)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_reset_font_size() {
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=reset_font_size").action, Action::ResetFontSize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_set_font_size() {
+    assert_eq!(ps("a=set_font_size:13.5").action, Action::SetFontSize(13.5));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_copy_to_clipboard_default() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=copy_to_clipboard").action,
+        Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::Mixed)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_copy_to_clipboard_explicit() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=copy_to_clipboard:html").action,
+        Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::Html)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_write_screen_file_no_format() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=write_screen_file:copy").action,
+        Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen::COPY)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_write_screen_file_format() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        ps("a=write_screen_file:copy,html").action,
+        Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen {
+            action: WriteScreenAction::Copy,
+            emit: WriteScreenFormat::Html,
+        })
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_write_screen_file_format_as_string() {
+    let b = ps("a=write_screen_file:copy,html");
+    assert_eq!(b.action.to_string(), "write_screen_file:copy,html");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn parse_write_screen_file_invalid() {
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=write_screen_file:"), INVALID);
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=write_screen_file:,"), INVALID);
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=write_screen_file:copy,"), INVALID);
+    assert_eq!(ps_err("a=write_screen_file:copy,html,extra"), INVALID);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn action_format() {
+    let a = Action::Text("👻".into());
+    assert_eq!(a.to_string(), "text:\\xf0\\x9f\\x91\\xbb");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn action_format_set_title() {
+    let a = Action::SetTabTitle("foo bar".into());
+    assert_eq!(a.to_string(), "set_tab_title:foo bar");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_append_chain_with_no_parent_returns_error() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.append_chain(Action::NewTab),
+        Err(AppendChainError::NoChainParent)
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_append_chain_after_put_converts_to_leaf_chained() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    s.append_chain(Action::NewTab).unwrap();
+
+    let chained = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[0], Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[1], Action::NewTab);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_append_chain_after_put_flags_preserves_flags() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put_flags(
+        uni('a'),
+        Action::NewWindow,
+        Flags {
+            consumed: false,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        },
+    );
+    s.append_chain(Action::NewTab).unwrap();
+
+    let chained = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert!(!chained.flags.consumed);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[0], Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[1], Action::NewTab);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_append_chain_multiple_times() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    s.append_chain(Action::NewTab).unwrap();
+    s.append_chain(Action::CloseSurface).unwrap();
+
+    let chained = s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions.len(), 3);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[0], Action::NewWindow);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[1], Action::NewTab);
+    assert_eq!(chained.actions[2], Action::CloseSurface);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_append_chain_removes_reverse_mapping() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).is_some());
+
+    // Chaining should remove the reverse mapping
+    s.append_chain(Action::NewTab).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_append_chain_with_performable_does_not_affect_reverse_mapping() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('b'), Action::NewWindow);
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).is_some());
+
+    // Add a performable binding (not in reverse map) and chain it
+    s.put_flags(
+        uni('a'),
+        Action::CloseSurface,
+        Flags {
+            performable: true,
+            ..Flags::default()
+        },
+    );
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::CloseSurface).is_none());
+
+    // Chaining the performable binding should not crash or affect anything
+    s.append_chain(Action::NewTab).unwrap();
+
+    // The non-performable new_window binding should still be in reverse map
+    assert!(s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_append_chain_restores_next_valid_reverse_mapping() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.put(uni('a'), Action::NewWindow);
+    s.put(uni('b'), Action::NewWindow);
+
+    // Reverse mapping should point to 'b' (most recent)
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('b' as u32)
+    );
+
+    // Chain an action to 'b', which should restore 'a' in the reverse map
+    s.append_chain(Action::NewTab).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get_trigger(&Action::NewWindow).unwrap().key,
+        TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)
+    );
+}
+
+/// Stand-in for `formatterpkg.entryFormatter("keybind", ...)`.
+struct KeybindFormatter(String);
+
+impl EntryFormatter for KeybindFormatter {
+    fn format_entry(&mut self, value: &str) {
+        self.0.push_str("keybind = ");
+        self.0.push_str(value);
+        self.0.push('\n');
+    }
+}
+
+fn format_set_entry(s: &Set, t: Trigger) -> String {
+    let (k, v) = s.get_entry(t).unwrap();
+    let mut buf = k.to_string();
+    let mut f = KeybindFormatter(String::new());
+    v.format_entries(&mut buf, &mut f);
+    f.0
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_format_entries_leaf_chained() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+
+    assert!(s.get(uni('a')).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().is_some());
+    assert_eq!(
+        format_set_entry(&s, uni('a')),
+        "keybind = a=new_window\nkeybind = chain=new_tab\n"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_format_entries_leaf_chained_multiple_chains() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("ctrl+a=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=close_surface").unwrap();
+
+    let t = trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32));
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.get(t).unwrap().as_leaf_chained().unwrap().actions.len(),
+        3
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        format_set_entry(&s, t),
+        "keybind = ctrl+a=new_window\nkeybind = chain=new_tab\nkeybind = chain=close_surface\n"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_format_entries_leaf_chained_with_text_action() {
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a=text:hello").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=text:world").unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(
+        format_set_entry(&s, uni('a')),
+        "keybind = a=text:hello\nkeybind = chain=text:world\n"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn set_format_entries_sequence_shares_prefix() {
+    // Extra: sequences share the prefix and siblings are not corrupted by
+    // chained leaves.
+    let mut s = Set::new();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>b=new_window").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("chain=new_tab").unwrap();
+    s.parse_and_put("a>c=close_surface").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        format_set_entry(&s, uni('a')),
+        "keybind = a>b=new_window\nkeybind = chain=new_tab\nkeybind = a>c=close_surface\n"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn trigger_hash_folds_case() {
+    assert_eq!(uni('a').hash(), uni('A').hash());
+    assert!(uni('a').folded_equal(&uni('A')));
+    assert!(!uni('a').equal(&uni('A')));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn trigger_display_roundtrip() {
+    for s in ["super+ctrl+alt+shift+a", "catch_all", "ctrl+arrow_up", "+"] {
+        let t = Trigger::parse(s).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(t.to_string(), s);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn action_docs_and_scope() {
+    assert!(
+        Action::Ignore
+            .docs()
+            .starts_with("Ignore this key combination.")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(Action::NewWindow.scope(), Scope::App);
+    assert_eq!(Action::NewTab.scope(), Scope::Surface);
+    assert!(Action::NewTab.scoped(Scope::App).is_none());
+    assert!(Action::NewWindow.scoped(Scope::App).is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn action_roundtrip_all_default_forms() {
+    for s in [
+        "csi:0m",
+        "text:hello world",
+        "increase_font_size:1.5",
+        "scroll_to_row:5",
+        "goto_tab:3",
+        "move_tab:-1",
+        "adjust_selection:left",
+        "resize_split:up,10",
+        "close_tab:other",
+        "inspector:toggle",
+        "crash:main",
+        "activate_key_table:foo",
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(Action::parse(s).unwrap().to_string(), s);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn less_than_orders_by_mod_count() {
+    let a = bind(
+        trig(ctrl(), TriggerKey::Unicode('a' as u32)),
+        Action::Ignore,
+    );
+    let b = bind(uni('a'), Action::Ignore);
+    assert!(less_than(&a, &b));
+    assert!(!less_than(&b, &a));
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/command.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+//! Command palette entries (ZIG/src/input/command.zig).
+
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+use crate::binding::{
+    Action, CloseTabMode, CopyToClipboard, GotoWindow, InspectorMode, NavigateSearch,
+    SplitDirection, SplitFocusDirection, WriteScreen, WriteScreenAction, WriteScreenFormat,
+};
+
+/// A command is a named binding action that can be executed from
+/// something like a command palette.
+///
+/// A command must be associated with a binding; all commands can be
+/// mapped to traditional `keybind` configurations. This restriction
+/// makes it so that there is nothing special about commands and likewise
+/// it makes it trivial and consistent to define custom commands.
+///
+/// For apprt implementers: a command palette doesn't have to make use
+/// of all the fields here. We try to provide as much information as
+/// possible to make it easier to implement a command palette in the way
+/// that makes the most sense for the application.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Command {
+    pub action: Action,
+    pub title: String,
+    pub description: String,
+}
+
+impl Command {
+    pub fn new(action: Action, title: &str, description: &str) -> Command {
+        Command {
+            action,
+            title: title.to_string(),
+            description: description.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn equal(&self, other: &Command) -> bool {
+        if self.action.hash() != other.action.hash() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.title == other.title && self.description == other.description
+    }
+
+    /// Implements a comparison function for sorting. The sorting is defined
+    /// by Ghostty to be what we prefer. If a caller wants some other
+    /// sorting, they should do it themselves.
+    pub fn less_than(lhs: &Command, rhs: &Command) -> bool {
+        cmp_ignore_case(&lhs.title, &rhs.title) == std::cmp::Ordering::Less
+    }
+
+    /// The `ghostty_command_s` equivalent: (action key name, action string,
+    /// title, description).
+    pub fn cval(&self) -> CommandC {
+        CommandC {
+            action_key: self.action.name().to_string(),
+            action: self.action.to_string(),
+            title: self.title.clone(),
+            description: self.description.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Owned form of `Command.C`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CommandC {
+    pub action_key: String,
+    pub action: String,
+    pub title: String,
+    pub description: String,
+}
+
+/// `std.ascii.orderIgnoreCase`
+fn cmp_ignore_case(a: &str, b: &str) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
+    let a = a.bytes().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase());
+    let b = b.bytes().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase());
+    a.cmp(b)
+}
+
+/// The default command palette entries, sorted by title (ignoring case).
+pub fn defaults() -> &'static [Command] {
+    static DEFAULTS: OnceLock<Vec<Command>> = OnceLock::new();
+    DEFAULTS.get_or_init(|| {
+        let mut result = default_commands();
+        result.sort_by(|a, b| cmp_ignore_case(&a.title, &b.title));
+        result
+    })
+}
+
+/// Defaults in C-compatible form.
+pub fn defaults_c() -> Vec<CommandC> {
+    defaults().iter().map(Command::cval).collect()
+}
+
+// The set of commands associated with each action key by default. Not all
+// actions should have commands. As a general guideline, an action should have
+// a command only if it is useful and reasonable to appear in a command
+// palette. Actions without commands (parameterized actions without obvious
+// values, ignore/unbind, etc.) are: csi, esc, cursor_key, set_font_size,
+// set_surface_title, set_tab_title, search, scroll_to_row,
+// scroll_page_fractional, scroll_page_lines, adjust_selection, jump_to_prompt,
+// write_scrollback_file, goto_tab, resize_split, activate_key_table,
+// activate_key_table_once, deactivate_key_table, deactivate_all_key_tables,
+// end_key_sequence, crash, toggle_command_palette, toggle_quick_terminal,
+// toggle_visibility, previous_tab, next_tab, last_tab, ignore, unbind.
+fn default_commands() -> Vec<Command> {
+    vec![
+        Command::new(
+            Action::Reset,
+            "Reset Terminal",
+            "Reset the terminal to a clean state.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::Mixed),
+            "Copy to Clipboard",
+            "Copy the selected text to the clipboard in both plain and styled formats.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::Plain),
+            "Copy Selection as Plain Text to Clipboard",
+            "Copy the selected text as plain text to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::Vt),
+            "Copy Selection as ANSI Sequences to Clipboard",
+            "Copy the selected text as ANSI escape sequences to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CopyToClipboard(CopyToClipboard::Html),
+            "Copy Selection as HTML to Clipboard",
+            "Copy the selected text as HTML to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CopyUrlToClipboard,
+            "Copy URL to Clipboard",
+            "Copy the URL under the cursor to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CopyTitleToClipboard,
+            "Copy Terminal Title to Clipboard",
+            "Copy the terminal title to the clipboard. If the terminal title is not set this has no effect.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::PasteFromClipboard,
+            "Paste from Clipboard",
+            "Paste the contents of the main clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::PasteFromSelection,
+            "Paste from Selection",
+            "Paste the contents of the selection clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::StartSearch,
+            "Start Search",
+            "Start a search if one isn't already active.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::SearchSelection,
+            "Search Selection",
+            "Start a search for the current text selection.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::EndSearch,
+            "End Search",
+            "End the current search if any and hide any GUI elements.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::NavigateSearch(NavigateSearch::Next),
+            "Next Search Result",
+            "Navigate to the next search result, if any.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::NavigateSearch(NavigateSearch::Previous),
+            "Previous Search Result",
+            "Navigate to the previous search result, if any.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::IncreaseFontSize(1.0),
+            "Increase Font Size",
+            "Increase the font size by 1 point.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::DecreaseFontSize(1.0),
+            "Decrease Font Size",
+            "Decrease the font size by 1 point.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ResetFontSize,
+            "Reset Font Size",
+            "Reset the font size to the default.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ClearScreen,
+            "Clear Screen",
+            "Clear the screen and scrollback.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::SelectAll,
+            "Select All",
+            "Select all text on the screen.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ScrollToTop,
+            "Scroll to Top",
+            "Scroll to the top of the screen.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ScrollToBottom,
+            "Scroll to Bottom",
+            "Scroll to the bottom of the screen.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ScrollToSelection,
+            "Scroll to Selection",
+            "Scroll to the selected text.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ScrollPageUp,
+            "Scroll Page Up",
+            "Scroll the screen up by a page.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ScrollPageDown,
+            "Scroll Page Down",
+            "Scroll the screen down by a page.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen::COPY),
+            "Copy Screen to Temporary File and Copy Path",
+            "Copy the screen contents to a temporary file and copy the path to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen::PASTE),
+            "Copy Screen to Temporary File and Paste Path",
+            "Copy the screen contents to a temporary file and paste the path to the file.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen::OPEN),
+            "Copy Screen to Temporary File and Open",
+            "Copy the screen contents to a temporary file and open it.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Copy,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Html,
+            }),
+            "Copy Screen as HTML to Temporary File and Copy Path",
+            "Copy the screen contents as HTML to a temporary file and copy the path to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Paste,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Html,
+            }),
+            "Copy Screen as HTML to Temporary File and Paste Path",
+            "Copy the screen contents as HTML to a temporary file and paste the path to the file.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Open,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Html,
+            }),
+            "Copy Screen as HTML to Temporary File and Open",
+            "Copy the screen contents as HTML to a temporary file and open it.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Copy,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Vt,
+            }),
+            "Copy Screen as ANSI Sequences to Temporary File and Copy Path",
+            "Copy the screen contents as ANSI escape sequences to a temporary file and copy the path to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Paste,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Vt,
+            }),
+            "Copy Screen as ANSI Sequences to Temporary File and Paste Path",
+            "Copy the screen contents as ANSI escape sequences to a temporary file and paste the path to the file.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteScreenFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Open,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Vt,
+            }),
+            "Copy Screen as ANSI Sequences to Temporary File and Open",
+            "Copy the screen contents as ANSI escape sequences to a temporary file and open it.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen::COPY),
+            "Copy Selection to Temporary File and Copy Path",
+            "Copy the selection contents to a temporary file and copy the path to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen::PASTE),
+            "Copy Selection to Temporary File and Paste Path",
+            "Copy the selection contents to a temporary file and paste the path to the file.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen::OPEN),
+            "Copy Selection to Temporary File and Open",
+            "Copy the selection contents to a temporary file and open it.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Copy,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Html,
+            }),
+            "Copy Selection as HTML to Temporary File and Copy Path",
+            "Copy the selection contents as HTML to a temporary file and copy the path to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Paste,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Html,
+            }),
+            "Copy Selection as HTML to Temporary File and Paste Path",
+            "Copy the selection contents as HTML to a temporary file and paste the path to the file.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Open,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Html,
+            }),
+            "Copy Selection as HTML to Temporary File and Open",
+            "Copy the selection contents as HTML to a temporary file and open it.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Copy,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Vt,
+            }),
+            "Copy Selection as ANSI Sequences to Temporary File and Copy Path",
+            "Copy the selection contents as ANSI escape sequences to a temporary file and copy the path to the clipboard.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Paste,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Vt,
+            }),
+            "Copy Selection as ANSI Sequences to Temporary File and Paste Path",
+            "Copy the selection contents as ANSI escape sequences to a temporary file and paste the path to the file.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::WriteSelectionFile(WriteScreen {
+                action: WriteScreenAction::Open,
+                emit: WriteScreenFormat::Vt,
+            }),
+            "Copy Selection as ANSI Sequences to Temporary File and Open",
+            "Copy the selection contents as ANSI escape sequences to a temporary file and open it.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(Action::NewWindow, "New Window", "Open a new window."),
+        Command::new(Action::NewTab, "New Tab", "Open a new tab."),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::MoveTab(-1),
+            "Move Tab Left",
+            "Move the current tab to the left.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::MoveTab(1),
+            "Move Tab Right",
+            "Move the current tab to the right.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleTabOverview,
+            "Toggle Tab Overview",
+            "Toggle the tab overview.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::PromptSurfaceTitle,
+            "Change Terminal Title…",
+            "Prompt for a new title for the current terminal.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::PromptTabTitle,
+            "Change Tab Title…",
+            "Prompt for a new title for the current tab.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::Left),
+            "Split Left",
+            "Split the terminal to the left.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::Right),
+            "Split Right",
+            "Split the terminal to the right.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::Up),
+            "Split Up",
+            "Split the terminal up.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::NewSplit(SplitDirection::Down),
+            "Split Down",
+            "Split the terminal down.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection::Previous),
+            "Focus Split: Previous",
+            "Focus the previous split, if any.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection::Next),
+            "Focus Split: Next",
+            "Focus the next split, if any.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection::Left),
+            "Focus Split: Left",
+            "Focus the split to the left, if it exists.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection::Right),
+            "Focus Split: Right",
+            "Focus the split to the right, if it exists.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection::Up),
+            "Focus Split: Up",
+            "Focus the split above, if it exists.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoSplit(SplitFocusDirection::Down),
+            "Focus Split: Down",
+            "Focus the split below, if it exists.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoWindow(GotoWindow::Previous),
+            "Focus Window: Previous",
+            "Focus the previous window, if any.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::GotoWindow(GotoWindow::Next),
+            "Focus Window: Next",
+            "Focus the next window, if any.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleSplitZoom,
+            "Toggle Split Zoom",
+            "Toggle the zoom state of the current split.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleReadonly,
+            "Toggle Read-Only Mode",
+            "Toggle read-only mode for the current surface.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::EqualizeSplits,
+            "Equalize Splits",
+            "Equalize the size of all splits.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ResetWindowSize,
+            "Reset Window Size",
+            "Reset the window size to the default.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::Inspector(InspectorMode::Toggle),
+            "Toggle Inspector",
+            "Toggle the inspector.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ShowGtkInspector,
+            "Show the GTK Inspector",
+            "Show the GTK inspector.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ShowOnScreenKeyboard,
+            "Show On-Screen Keyboard",
+            "Show the on-screen keyboard if present.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(Action::OpenConfig, "Open Config", "Open the config file."),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ReloadConfig,
+            "Reload Config",
+            "Reload the config file.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CloseSurface,
+            "Close Terminal",
+            "Close the current terminal.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CloseTab(CloseTabMode::This),
+            "Close Tab",
+            "Close the current tab.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CloseTab(CloseTabMode::Other),
+            "Close Other Tabs",
+            "Close all tabs in this window except the current one.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CloseTab(CloseTabMode::Right),
+            "Close Tabs to the Right",
+            "Close all tabs to the right of the current one.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CloseWindow,
+            "Close Window",
+            "Close the current window.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CloseAllWindows,
+            "Close All Windows",
+            "Close all windows.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleMaximize,
+            "Toggle Maximize",
+            "Toggle the maximized state of the current window.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleFullscreen,
+            "Toggle Fullscreen",
+            "Toggle the fullscreen state of the current window.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleWindowDecorations,
+            "Toggle Window Decorations",
+            "Toggle the window decorations.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleWindowFloatOnTop,
+            "Toggle Float on Top",
+            "Toggle the float on top state of the current window.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleSecureInput,
+            "Toggle Secure Input",
+            "Toggle secure input mode.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleMouseReporting,
+            "Toggle Mouse Reporting",
+            "Toggle whether mouse events are reported to terminal applications.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::ToggleBackgroundOpacity,
+            "Toggle Background Opacity",
+            "Toggle the background opacity of a window that started transparent.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::CheckForUpdates,
+            "Check for Updates",
+            "Check for updates to the application.",
+        ),
+        Command::new(Action::Undo, "Undo", "Undo the last action."),
+        Command::new(Action::Redo, "Redo", "Redo the last undone action."),
+        Command::new(Action::Quit, "Quit", "Quit the application."),
+        Command::new(
+            Action::Text("👻".to_string()),
+            "Ghostty",
+            "Put a little Ghostty in your terminal.",
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_defaults() {
+        // This just ensures that defaults is analyzed and works.
+        assert_ne!(defaults().len(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(defaults().len(), defaults_c().len());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn command_defaults_sorted_and_roundtrip() {
+        let d = defaults();
+        for w in d.windows(2) {
+            assert_ne!(
+                cmp_ignore_case(&w[0].title, &w[1].title),
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Greater
+            );
+        }
+        // Round trip every default action through its string form.
+        // (`text` is stored raw and escaped on format, so it is excluded.)
+        for c in d.iter().filter(|c| !matches!(c.action, Action::Text(_))) {
+            let s = c.action.to_string();
+            assert_eq!(Action::parse(&s).expect("parse"), c.action, "{s}");
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/config.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//! Input-related config enums (ZIG/src/input/config.zig).
+
+/// Determines the macOS option key behavior. See the config
+/// `macos-option-as-alt` for a lot more details.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+#[repr(i32)]
+pub enum OptionAsAlt {
+    #[default]
+    False,
+    True,
+    Left,
+    Right,
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/function_keys.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+//! This is the list of "PC style function keys" that xterm supports for
+//! the legacy keyboard protocols. These always take priority since at the
+//! time of writing this, even the most modern keyboard protocols still
+//! are backwards compatible with regards to these sequences.
+//!
+//! This is based on a variety of sources cross-referenced but mostly
+//! based on foot's keymap.h: https://codeberg.org/dnkl/foot/src/branch/master/keymap.h
+//! (ZIG/src/input/function_keys.zig)
+
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
+use crate::key::{Key, Mods};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum CursorMode {
+    Any,
+    Normal,
+    Application,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum KeypadMode {
+    Any,
+    Normal,
+    Application,
+}
+
+/// A bit confusing so I'll document this one: this is the "modify other keys"
+/// setting. We only change behavior for "set_other" which is ESC [ > 4; 2 m.
+/// So this can be "any" which means we don't care what's going on. Or it
+/// can be "set" which means modify keys must be set EXCEPT FOR "other keys"
+/// mode, and "set_other" which means modify keys must be set to "other keys"
+/// mode.
+///
+/// See: https://invisible-island.net/xterm/modified-keys.html
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ModifyKeys {
+    Any,
+    Set,
+    SetOther,
+}
+
+/// A single entry in the table of keys.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Entry {
+    /// The exact set of modifiers that must be active for this entry to match.
+    /// If mods_empty_is_any is true then empty mods means any set of mods can
+    /// match. Otherwise, empty mods means no mods must be active.
+    pub mods: Mods,
+    pub mods_empty_is_any: bool,
+
+    /// The state required for cursor/keypad mode.
+    pub cursor: CursorMode,
+    pub keypad: KeypadMode,
+
+    /// Whether or not this entry should be used
+    pub modify_other_keys: ModifyKeys,
+
+    /// The sequence to send to the pty if this entry matches.
+    pub sequence: String,
+}
+
+impl Entry {
+    fn new(sequence: impl Into<String>) -> Entry {
+        Entry {
+            mods: Mods::default(),
+            mods_empty_is_any: true,
+            cursor: CursorMode::Any,
+            keypad: KeypadMode::Any,
+            modify_other_keys: ModifyKeys::Any,
+            sequence: sequence.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const fn m(shift: bool, ctrl: bool, alt: bool, super_: bool) -> Mods {
+    Mods {
+        shift,
+        ctrl,
+        alt,
+        super_,
+        caps_lock: false,
+        num_lock: false,
+        sides: crate::key_mods::Side {
+            shift: crate::key_mods::ModSide::Left,
+            ctrl: crate::key_mods::ModSide::Left,
+            alt: crate::key_mods::ModSide::Left,
+            super_: crate::key_mods::ModSide::Left,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+/// The list of modifier combinations for modify other key sequences.
+/// The mode value is index + 2.
+pub const MODIFIERS: &[Mods] = &[
+    m(true, false, false, false),
+    m(false, false, true, false),
+    m(true, false, true, false),
+    m(false, true, false, false),
+    m(true, true, false, false),
+    m(false, true, true, false),
+    m(true, true, true, false),
+    m(false, false, false, true),
+    m(true, false, false, true),
+    m(false, false, true, true),
+    m(true, false, true, true),
+    m(false, true, false, true),
+    m(true, true, false, true),
+    m(false, true, true, true),
+    m(true, true, true, true),
+];
+
+fn ent(mods: Mods, modify_other_keys: ModifyKeys, sequence: &str) -> Entry {
+    Entry {
+        mods,
+        modify_other_keys,
+        ..Entry::new(sequence)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns the entries for a key. Not every key has any entries. It is
+/// expected that you'll just use a for loop through the entry values, there
+/// are never more than a couple dozen or so.
+pub fn keys(k: Key) -> &'static [Entry] {
+    &KEYS[k as usize]
+}
+
+/// Iterate over the whole table (all keys, in `Key` order).
+pub fn all_keys() -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static [Entry]> {
+    KEYS.iter().map(Vec::as_slice)
+}
+
+static KEYS: LazyLock<Vec<Vec<Entry>>> = LazyLock::new(build_keys);
+
+fn cat(mut a: Vec<Entry>, b: Vec<Entry>) -> Vec<Entry> {
+    a.extend(b);
+    a
+}
+
+fn one(seq: &str) -> Vec<Entry> {
+    vec![Entry::new(seq)]
+}
+
+fn build_keys() -> Vec<Vec<Entry>> {
+    let mut result: Vec<Vec<Entry>> = vec![Vec::new(); Key::ALL.len()];
+    let mut set = |k: Key, v: Vec<Entry>| result[k as usize] = v;
+
+    set(
+        Key::ArrowUp,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}A"), cursor_key("\x1b[A", "\x1bOA")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::ArrowDown,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}B"), cursor_key("\x1b[B", "\x1bOB")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::ArrowRight,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}C"), cursor_key("\x1b[C", "\x1bOC")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::ArrowLeft,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}D"), cursor_key("\x1b[D", "\x1bOD")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::Home,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}H"), cursor_key("\x1b[H", "\x1bOH")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::End,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}F"), cursor_key("\x1b[F", "\x1bOF")),
+    );
+    set(Key::Insert, cat(pc_style("\x1b[2;{}~"), one("\x1B[2~")));
+    set(Key::Delete, cat(pc_style("\x1b[3;{}~"), one("\x1B[3~")));
+    set(Key::PageUp, cat(pc_style("\x1b[5;{}~"), one("\x1B[5~")));
+    set(Key::PageDown, cat(pc_style("\x1b[6;{}~"), one("\x1B[6~")));
+
+    // Function Keys. todo: f13-f35 but we need to add to input.Key
+    set(Key::F1, cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}P"), one("\x1BOP")));
+    set(Key::F2, cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}Q"), one("\x1BOQ")));
+    set(Key::F3, cat(pc_style("\x1b[13;{}~"), one("\x1BOR")));
+    set(Key::F4, cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}S"), one("\x1BOS")));
+    set(Key::F5, cat(pc_style("\x1b[15;{}~"), one("\x1B[15~")));
+    set(Key::F6, cat(pc_style("\x1b[17;{}~"), one("\x1B[17~")));
+    set(Key::F7, cat(pc_style("\x1b[18;{}~"), one("\x1B[18~")));
+    set(Key::F8, cat(pc_style("\x1b[19;{}~"), one("\x1B[19~")));
+    set(Key::F9, cat(pc_style("\x1b[20;{}~"), one("\x1B[20~")));
+    set(Key::F10, cat(pc_style("\x1b[21;{}~"), one("\x1B[21~")));
+    set(Key::F11, cat(pc_style("\x1b[23;{}~"), one("\x1B[23~")));
+    set(Key::F12, cat(pc_style("\x1b[24;{}~"), one("\x1B[24~")));
+
+    // Keypad keys
+    set(Key::Numpad0, kp_keys("p"));
+    set(Key::Numpad1, kp_keys("q"));
+    set(Key::Numpad2, kp_keys("r"));
+    set(Key::Numpad3, kp_keys("s"));
+    set(Key::Numpad4, kp_keys("t"));
+    set(Key::Numpad5, kp_keys("u"));
+    set(Key::Numpad6, kp_keys("v"));
+    set(Key::Numpad7, kp_keys("w"));
+    set(Key::Numpad8, kp_keys("x"));
+    set(Key::Numpad9, kp_keys("y"));
+    set(Key::NumpadDecimal, kp_keys("n"));
+    set(Key::NumpadDivide, kp_keys("o"));
+    set(Key::NumpadMultiply, kp_keys("j"));
+    set(Key::NumpadSubtract, kp_keys("m"));
+    set(Key::NumpadAdd, kp_keys("k"));
+    set(Key::NumpadEnter, cat(kp_keys("M"), one("\r")));
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadUp,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}A"), cursor_key("\x1b[A", "\x1bOA")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadDown,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}B"), cursor_key("\x1b[B", "\x1bOB")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadRight,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}C"), cursor_key("\x1b[C", "\x1bOC")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadLeft,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}D"), cursor_key("\x1b[D", "\x1bOD")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadBegin,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}E"), cursor_key("\x1b[E", "\x1bOE")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadHome,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}H"), cursor_key("\x1b[H", "\x1bOH")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadEnd,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[1;{}F"), cursor_key("\x1b[F", "\x1bOF")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadInsert,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[2;{}~"), one("\x1B[2~")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadDelete,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[3;{}~"), one("\x1B[3~")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadPageUp,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[5;{}~"), one("\x1B[5~")),
+    );
+    set(
+        Key::NumpadPageDown,
+        cat(pc_style("\x1b[6;{}~"), one("\x1B[6~")),
+    );
+
+    set(
+        Key::Backspace,
+        vec![
+            // Modify Keys Normal / Other
+            ent(m(true, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x7f"),
+            ent(m(false, false, true, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\x7f"),
+            ent(m(true, false, true, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\x7f"),
+            ent(m(true, true, false, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x08"),
+            ent(m(false, true, true, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\x08"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x7f"),
+            ent(m(true, false, false, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x7f"),
+            ent(m(false, false, true, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\x7f"),
+            ent(m(true, false, true, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\x7f"),
+            ent(m(false, true, false, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x08"),
+            ent(m(true, true, false, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x08"),
+            ent(m(false, true, true, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\x08"),
+            ent(m(true, true, true, true), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\x08"),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;2;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;3;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;4;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;6;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;7;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;8;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;9;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;10;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;11;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;12;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;13;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;14;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;15;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;16;127~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(false, true, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x08"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x7f"),
+            ent(m(false, true, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x08"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x7f"),
+        ],
+    );
+
+    set(
+        Key::Tab,
+        vec![
+            ent(m(true, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b[Z"),
+            ent(m(false, false, true, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\t"),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;2;9~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;3;9~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, false, true, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;4;9~"),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;5;9~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, true, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;6;9~"),
+            ent(m(false, true, true, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;7;9~"),
+            ent(m(true, true, true, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;8;9~"),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;9;9~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;10;9~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;11;9~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, false, true, true), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;12;9~"),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;13;9~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, true, false, true), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;14;9~"),
+            ent(m(false, true, true, true), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;15;9~"),
+            ent(m(true, true, true, true), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;16;9~"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\t"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\t"),
+        ],
+    );
+
+    set(
+        Key::Enter,
+        vec![
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;2;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(false, false, true, false), ModifyKeys::Set, "\x1b\r"),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::SetOther,
+                "\x1b[27;3;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;4;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;5;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;6;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;7;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, true, true, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;8;13~"),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;9;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;10;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;11;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;12;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;13;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;14;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;15;13~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, true, true, true), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;16;13~"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\r"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\r"),
+        ],
+    );
+
+    set(
+        Key::Escape,
+        vec![
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;2;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(false, false, true, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b\x1b"),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;4;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;5;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, false, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;6;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, true, false),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;7;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, true, true, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;8;27~"),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;9;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;10;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, false, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;11;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, false, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;12;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;13;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(true, true, false, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;14;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(
+                m(false, true, true, true),
+                ModifyKeys::Any,
+                "\x1b[27;15;27~",
+            ),
+            ent(m(true, true, true, true), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b[27;16;27~"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b"),
+            ent(m(false, false, false, false), ModifyKeys::Any, "\x1b"),
+        ],
+    );
+
+    result
+}
+
+/// Returns the default keypad application mode entry.
+fn kp_default(suffix: &str) -> Vec<Entry> {
+    vec![Entry {
+        mods_empty_is_any: false,
+        keypad: KeypadMode::Application,
+        ..Entry::new(format!("\x1bO{suffix}"))
+    }]
+}
+
+/// Returns the entries for a keypad key. The suffix is the final character
+/// of the sent sequence, such as "r" for kp_2.
+fn kp_keys(suffix: &str) -> Vec<Entry> {
+    let mut pc = pc_style(&format!("\x1bO{{}}{suffix}"));
+    for entry in &mut pc {
+        entry.keypad = KeypadMode::Application;
+    }
+    cat(kp_default(suffix), pc)
+}
+
+/// Returns entries that are dependent on cursor key settings.
+fn cursor_key(normal: &str, application: &str) -> Vec<Entry> {
+    vec![
+        Entry {
+            cursor: CursorMode::Normal,
+            ..Entry::new(normal)
+        },
+        Entry {
+            cursor: CursorMode::Application,
+            ..Entry::new(application)
+        },
+    ]
+}
+
+/// Constructs a set of pcStyle function keys using the given format. The
+/// format should have exactly one "hole" (`{}`) for the mods code.
+/// Example: "\x1b[11;{}~" for F1.
+fn pc_style(fmt: &str) -> Vec<Entry> {
+    MODIFIERS
+        .iter()
+        .zip(2..)
+        .map(|(mods, code)| Entry {
+            mods: *mods,
+            ..Entry::new(fmt.replace("{}", &code.to_string()))
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn keys_table() {
+        // All key sequences must fit into a termio array.
+        // TODO(integration): termio's `Message.WriteReq.Small.Max` isn't
+        // available here; use its documented limit (38 bytes).
+        const MAX: usize = 38;
+        let mut n = 0;
+        for entries in all_keys() {
+            for entry in entries {
+                assert!(entry.sequence.len() <= MAX, "{:?}", entry.sequence);
+                n += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        assert!(n > 0);
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/helpgen_actions.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+//! This module is a help generator for keybind actions documentation.
+//! It can generate documentation in different formats (plaintext for CLI,
+//! markdown for website) while maintaining consistent content.
+//! (ZIG/src/input/helpgen_actions.zig)
+//!
+//! The docs themselves live in [`ActionKey::docs`] (the Zig version reads
+//! them from the build-time generated `help_strings`).
+
+use crate::binding::ActionKey;
+
+/// Format options for generating keybind actions documentation
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Format {
+    /// Plain text output with indentation
+    Plaintext,
+    /// Markdown formatted output
+    Markdown,
+}
+
+impl Format {
+    fn format_field_name(self, w: &mut String, field_name: &str) {
+        match self {
+            Format::Plaintext => {
+                w.push_str(field_name);
+                w.push_str(":\n");
+            }
+            Format::Markdown => {
+                w.push_str("## `");
+                w.push_str(field_name);
+                w.push_str("`\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn format_doc_line(self, w: &mut String, line: &str) {
+        match self {
+            Format::Plaintext => {
+                w.push_str("  ");
+                w.push_str(line);
+                w.push('\n');
+            }
+            Format::Markdown => {
+                w.push_str(line);
+                w.push('\n');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn header(self) -> Option<&'static str> {
+        match self {
+            Format::Plaintext => None,
+            Format::Markdown => Some(
+                "---\n\
+                 title: Keybinding Action Reference\n\
+                 description: Reference of all Ghostty keybinding actions.\n\
+                 editOnGithubLink: https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/edit/main/src/input/Binding.zig\n\
+                 ---\n\
+                 \n\
+                 This is a reference of all Ghostty keybinding actions.\n\
+                 \n\
+                 \n",
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Generate keybind actions documentation with the specified format
+pub fn generate(writer: &mut String, format: Format, show_docs: bool) {
+    if let Some(header) = format.header() {
+        writer.push_str(header);
+    }
+
+    let mut stream = String::new();
+
+    for &key in ActionKey::ALL {
+        let name = key.name();
+        if name.starts_with('_') {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Write previously stored doc comment below all related actions
+        // (every action has a doc comment).
+        if show_docs {
+            writer.push_str(&stream);
+            writer.push('\n');
+            stream.clear();
+        }
+
+        if show_docs {
+            format.format_field_name(writer, name);
+        } else {
+            writer.push_str(name);
+            writer.push('\n');
+        }
+
+        if show_docs {
+            let mut iter = key.docs().split('\n').peekable();
+            while let Some(s) = iter.next() {
+                // If it is the last line and empty, then skip it.
+                if iter.peek().is_none() && s.is_empty() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                format.format_doc_line(&mut stream, s);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write any remaining buffered documentation
+    if !stream.is_empty() {
+        writer.push_str(&stream);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Convenience: generate into a fresh string.
+pub fn generate_string(format: Format, show_docs: bool) -> String {
+    let mut s = String::new();
+    generate(&mut s, format, show_docs);
+    s
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn plaintext_with_docs_lists_all_actions() {
+        let s = generate_string(Format::Plaintext, true);
+        assert!(s.starts_with("\nignore:\n"));
+        assert!(s.contains("ignore:\n  Ignore this key combination.\n"));
+        for &k in ActionKey::ALL {
+            assert!(s.contains(&format!("{}:\n", k.name())));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn names_only() {
+        let s = generate_string(Format::Plaintext, false);
+        assert_eq!(s.lines().count(), ActionKey::ALL.len());
+        assert_eq!(s.lines().next(), Some("ignore"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn markdown_header_and_field() {
+        let s = generate_string(Format::Markdown, true);
+        assert!(s.starts_with("---\ntitle: Keybinding Action Reference\n"));
+        assert!(s.contains("## `unbind`\n"));
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/key.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+//! Key events and key codes (ZIG/src/input/key.zig).
+//!
+//! The Zig `imguiKey` helper (cimgui constants) is intentionally not ported;
+//! the inspector is deferred (see notes).
+
+pub use crate::key_mods::Mods;
+
+/// A generic key input event. This is the information that is necessary
+/// regardless of apprt in order to generate the proper terminal
+/// control sequences for a given key press.
+///
+/// Some apprts may not be able to provide all of this information, such
+/// as GLFW. In this case, the apprt should provide as much information
+/// as it can and it should be expected that the terminal behavior
+/// will not be totally correct.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct KeyEvent<'a> {
+    /// The action: press, release, etc.
+    pub action: Action,
+
+    /// The keycode of the physical key that was pressed. This is agnostic
+    /// to the layout. Layout-dependent matching can only be done via the
+    /// UTF-8 or unshifted codepoint.
+    pub key: Key,
+
+    /// Mods are the modifiers that are pressed.
+    pub mods: Mods,
+
+    /// The mods that were consumed in order to generate the text
+    /// in utf8. This has the mods set that were consumed, so to
+    /// get the set of mods that are effective you must negate
+    /// mods with this.
+    ///
+    /// This field is meaningless if utf8 is empty.
+    pub consumed_mods: Mods,
+
+    /// Composing is true when this key event is part of a dead key
+    /// composition sequence and we're in the middle of it.
+    pub composing: bool,
+
+    /// The utf8 sequence that was generated by this key event.
+    /// This will be an empty string if there is no text generated.
+    /// If composing is true and this is non-empty, this is preedit
+    /// text.
+    pub utf8: &'a str,
+
+    /// The codepoint for this key when it is unshifted. For example,
+    /// shift+a is "A" in UTF-8 but unshifted would provide 'a'.
+    pub unshifted_codepoint: u32,
+}
+
+impl Default for KeyEvent<'_> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        KeyEvent {
+            action: Action::Press,
+            key: Key::Unidentified,
+            mods: Mods::default(),
+            consumed_mods: Mods::default(),
+            composing: false,
+            utf8: "",
+            unshifted_codepoint: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl KeyEvent<'_> {
+    /// Returns the effective modifiers for this event. The effective
+    /// modifiers are the mods that should be considered for keybindings.
+    pub fn effective_mods(&self) -> Mods {
+        if self.utf8.is_empty() {
+            return self.mods;
+        }
+        self.mods.unset(self.consumed_mods)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a unique hash for this key event to be used for tracking
+    /// uniquess specifically with bindings. This omits fields that are
+    /// irrelevant for bindings.
+    pub fn binding_hash(&self) -> u64 {
+        use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+        let mut hasher = std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher::new();
+
+        // These are all the fields that are explicitly part of Trigger.
+        self.key.hash(&mut hasher);
+        self.unshifted_codepoint.hash(&mut hasher);
+        self.mods.binding().hash(&mut hasher);
+
+        // Notes on unmapped things and why:
+        //
+        // - action: we don't have action-specific bindings right now
+        //   AND we want to know if a key resulted in a binding regardless
+        //   of action because a press should also ignore a release and so on.
+        //
+        // We can add to this if there is other confusion.
+
+        hasher.finish()
+    }
+}
+
+/// The action associated with an input event.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[repr(i32)]
+pub enum Action {
+    Release,
+    Press,
+    Repeat,
+}
+
+macro_rules! define_keys {
+    ($($variant:ident => $name:literal,)*) => {
+        /// The set of key codes that Ghostty is aware of. These represent
+        /// physical keys on the keyboard. The logical key (or key string)
+        /// is the string that is generated by the key event and that is up
+        /// to the apprt to provide.
+        ///
+        /// Note that these are layout-independent. For example, the "a"
+        /// key on a US keyboard is the same as the "ф" key on a Russian
+        /// keyboard, but both will report the "a" enum value in the key
+        /// event. These values are based on the W3C standard. See:
+        /// https://www.w3.org/TR/uievents-code
+        ///
+        /// Layout-dependent strings are provided in the KeyEvent struct as
+        /// UTF-8 and are produced by the associated apprt. Ghostty core has
+        /// no mechanism to map input events to strings without the apprt.
+        #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+        #[repr(i32)]
+        pub enum Key {
+            $($variant,)*
+        }
+
+        impl Key {
+            /// All keys in declaration order.
+            pub const ALL: &'static [Key] = &[$(Key::$variant,)*];
+
+            /// The Zig tag name (snake_case) of this key.
+            pub fn name(self) -> &'static str {
+                match self {
+                    $(Key::$variant => $name,)*
+                }
+            }
+
+            /// Look up a key by its Zig tag name (snake_case).
+            pub fn from_name(s: &str) -> Option<Key> {
+                match s {
+                    $($name => Some(Key::$variant),)*
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+define_keys! {
+        Unidentified => "unidentified",
+        Backquote => "backquote",
+        Backslash => "backslash",
+        BracketLeft => "bracket_left",
+        BracketRight => "bracket_right",
+        Comma => "comma",
+        Digit0 => "digit_0",
+        Digit1 => "digit_1",
+        Digit2 => "digit_2",
+        Digit3 => "digit_3",
+        Digit4 => "digit_4",
+        Digit5 => "digit_5",
+        Digit6 => "digit_6",
+        Digit7 => "digit_7",
+        Digit8 => "digit_8",
+        Digit9 => "digit_9",
+        Equal => "equal",
+        IntlBackslash => "intl_backslash",
+        IntlRo => "intl_ro",
+        IntlYen => "intl_yen",
+        KeyA => "key_a",
+        KeyB => "key_b",
+        KeyC => "key_c",
+        KeyD => "key_d",
+        KeyE => "key_e",
+        KeyF => "key_f",
+        KeyG => "key_g",
+        KeyH => "key_h",
+        KeyI => "key_i",
+        KeyJ => "key_j",
+        KeyK => "key_k",
+        KeyL => "key_l",
+        KeyM => "key_m",
+        KeyN => "key_n",
+        KeyO => "key_o",
+        KeyP => "key_p",
+        KeyQ => "key_q",
+        KeyR => "key_r",
+        KeyS => "key_s",
+        KeyT => "key_t",
+        KeyU => "key_u",
+        KeyV => "key_v",
+        KeyW => "key_w",
+        KeyX => "key_x",
+        KeyY => "key_y",
+        KeyZ => "key_z",
+        Minus => "minus",
+        Period => "period",
+        Quote => "quote",
+        Semicolon => "semicolon",
+        Slash => "slash",
+        AltLeft => "alt_left",
+        AltRight => "alt_right",
+        Backspace => "backspace",
+        CapsLock => "caps_lock",
+        ContextMenu => "context_menu",
+        ControlLeft => "control_left",
+        ControlRight => "control_right",
+        Enter => "enter",
+        MetaLeft => "meta_left",
+        MetaRight => "meta_right",
+        ShiftLeft => "shift_left",
+        ShiftRight => "shift_right",
+        Space => "space",
+        Tab => "tab",
+        Convert => "convert",
+        KanaMode => "kana_mode",
+        NonConvert => "non_convert",
+        Delete => "delete",
+        End => "end",
+        Help => "help",
+        Home => "home",
+        Insert => "insert",
+        PageDown => "page_down",
+        PageUp => "page_up",
+        ArrowDown => "arrow_down",
+        ArrowLeft => "arrow_left",
+        ArrowRight => "arrow_right",
+        ArrowUp => "arrow_up",
+        NumLock => "num_lock",
+        Numpad0 => "numpad_0",
+        Numpad1 => "numpad_1",
+        Numpad2 => "numpad_2",
+        Numpad3 => "numpad_3",
+        Numpad4 => "numpad_4",
+        Numpad5 => "numpad_5",
+        Numpad6 => "numpad_6",
+        Numpad7 => "numpad_7",
+        Numpad8 => "numpad_8",
+        Numpad9 => "numpad_9",
+        NumpadAdd => "numpad_add",
+        NumpadBackspace => "numpad_backspace",
+        NumpadClear => "numpad_clear",
+        NumpadClearEntry => "numpad_clear_entry",
+        NumpadComma => "numpad_comma",
+        NumpadDecimal => "numpad_decimal",
+        NumpadDivide => "numpad_divide",
+        NumpadEnter => "numpad_enter",
+        NumpadEqual => "numpad_equal",
+        NumpadMemoryAdd => "numpad_memory_add",
+        NumpadMemoryClear => "numpad_memory_clear",
+        NumpadMemoryRecall => "numpad_memory_recall",
+        NumpadMemoryStore => "numpad_memory_store",
+        NumpadMemorySubtract => "numpad_memory_subtract",
+        NumpadMultiply => "numpad_multiply",
+        NumpadParenLeft => "numpad_paren_left",
+        NumpadParenRight => "numpad_paren_right",
+        NumpadSubtract => "numpad_subtract",
+        NumpadSeparator => "numpad_separator",
+        NumpadUp => "numpad_up",
+        NumpadDown => "numpad_down",
+        NumpadRight => "numpad_right",
+        NumpadLeft => "numpad_left",
+        NumpadBegin => "numpad_begin",
+        NumpadHome => "numpad_home",
+        NumpadEnd => "numpad_end",
+        NumpadInsert => "numpad_insert",
+        NumpadDelete => "numpad_delete",
+        NumpadPageUp => "numpad_page_up",
+        NumpadPageDown => "numpad_page_down",
+        Escape => "escape",
+        F1 => "f1",
+        F2 => "f2",
+        F3 => "f3",
+        F4 => "f4",
+        F5 => "f5",
+        F6 => "f6",
+        F7 => "f7",
+        F8 => "f8",
+        F9 => "f9",
+        F10 => "f10",
+        F11 => "f11",
+        F12 => "f12",
+        F13 => "f13",
+        F14 => "f14",
+        F15 => "f15",
+        F16 => "f16",
+        F17 => "f17",
+        F18 => "f18",
+        F19 => "f19",
+        F20 => "f20",
+        F21 => "f21",
+        F22 => "f22",
+        F23 => "f23",
+        F24 => "f24",
+        F25 => "f25",
+        Fn => "fn",
+        FnLock => "fn_lock",
+        PrintScreen => "print_screen",
+        ScrollLock => "scroll_lock",
+        Pause => "pause",
+        BrowserBack => "browser_back",
+        BrowserFavorites => "browser_favorites",
+        BrowserForward => "browser_forward",
+        BrowserHome => "browser_home",
+        BrowserRefresh => "browser_refresh",
+        BrowserSearch => "browser_search",
+        BrowserStop => "browser_stop",
+        Eject => "eject",
+        LaunchApp1 => "launch_app_1",
+        LaunchApp2 => "launch_app_2",
+        LaunchMail => "launch_mail",
+        MediaPlayPause => "media_play_pause",
+        MediaSelect => "media_select",
+        MediaStop => "media_stop",
+        MediaTrackNext => "media_track_next",
+        MediaTrackPrevious => "media_track_previous",
+        Power => "power",
+        Sleep => "sleep",
+        AudioVolumeDown => "audio_volume_down",
+        AudioVolumeMute => "audio_volume_mute",
+        AudioVolumeUp => "audio_volume_up",
+        WakeUp => "wake_up",
+        Copy => "copy",
+        Cut => "cut",
+        Paste => "paste",
+}
+
+/// Codepoint <-> key map. Keypad entries must always be last so that
+/// `from_ascii` doesn't map them over normal numerics and other keys.
+const CODEPOINT_MAP: &[(u32, Key)] = &[
+    ('a' as u32, Key::KeyA),
+    ('b' as u32, Key::KeyB),
+    ('c' as u32, Key::KeyC),
+    ('d' as u32, Key::KeyD),
+    ('e' as u32, Key::KeyE),
+    ('f' as u32, Key::KeyF),
+    ('g' as u32, Key::KeyG),
+    ('h' as u32, Key::KeyH),
+    ('i' as u32, Key::KeyI),
+    ('j' as u32, Key::KeyJ),
+    ('k' as u32, Key::KeyK),
+    ('l' as u32, Key::KeyL),
+    ('m' as u32, Key::KeyM),
+    ('n' as u32, Key::KeyN),
+    ('o' as u32, Key::KeyO),
+    ('p' as u32, Key::KeyP),
+    ('q' as u32, Key::KeyQ),
+    ('r' as u32, Key::KeyR),
+    ('s' as u32, Key::KeyS),
+    ('t' as u32, Key::KeyT),
+    ('u' as u32, Key::KeyU),
+    ('v' as u32, Key::KeyV),
+    ('w' as u32, Key::KeyW),
+    ('x' as u32, Key::KeyX),
+    ('y' as u32, Key::KeyY),
+    ('z' as u32, Key::KeyZ),
+    ('0' as u32, Key::Digit0),
+    ('1' as u32, Key::Digit1),
+    ('2' as u32, Key::Digit2),
+    ('3' as u32, Key::Digit3),
+    ('4' as u32, Key::Digit4),
+    ('5' as u32, Key::Digit5),
+    ('6' as u32, Key::Digit6),
+    ('7' as u32, Key::Digit7),
+    ('8' as u32, Key::Digit8),
+    ('9' as u32, Key::Digit9),
+    (';' as u32, Key::Semicolon),
+    (' ' as u32, Key::Space),
+    ('\'' as u32, Key::Quote),
+    (',' as u32, Key::Comma),
+    ('`' as u32, Key::Backquote),
+    ('.' as u32, Key::Period),
+    ('/' as u32, Key::Slash),
+    ('-' as u32, Key::Minus),
+    ('=' as u32, Key::Equal),
+    ('[' as u32, Key::BracketLeft),
+    (']' as u32, Key::BracketRight),
+    ('\\' as u32, Key::Backslash),
+    // Control characters
+    ('\t' as u32, Key::Tab),
+    // Keypad entries. We just assume keypad with the numpad_ prefix
+    // so that has some special meaning.
+    ('0' as u32, Key::Numpad0),
+    ('1' as u32, Key::Numpad1),
+    ('2' as u32, Key::Numpad2),
+    ('3' as u32, Key::Numpad3),
+    ('4' as u32, Key::Numpad4),
+    ('5' as u32, Key::Numpad5),
+    ('6' as u32, Key::Numpad6),
+    ('7' as u32, Key::Numpad7),
+    ('8' as u32, Key::Numpad8),
+    ('9' as u32, Key::Numpad9),
+    ('.' as u32, Key::NumpadDecimal),
+    ('/' as u32, Key::NumpadDivide),
+    ('*' as u32, Key::NumpadMultiply),
+    ('-' as u32, Key::NumpadSubtract),
+    ('+' as u32, Key::NumpadAdd),
+    ('=' as u32, Key::NumpadEqual),
+];
+
+impl Key {
+    /// Converts an ASCII character to a key, if possible. This returns
+    /// None if the character is unknown.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this can't distinguish between physical keys, i.e. '0'
+    /// may be from the number row or the keypad, but it always maps
+    /// to '.zero'.
+    ///
+    /// This is what we want, we want people to create keybindings that
+    /// are independent of the physical key.
+    pub fn from_ascii(ch: u8) -> Option<Key> {
+        CODEPOINT_MAP
+            .iter()
+            // No ASCII characters should ever map to a keypad key
+            .filter(|e| !e.1.keypad())
+            .find(|e| e.0 == u32::from(ch))
+            .map(|e| e.1)
+    }
+
+    /// Converts a W3C key code to a Ghostty key enum value.
+    ///
+    /// All required W3C key codes are supported, but there are a number of
+    /// non-standard key codes that are not supported. In the case the value is
+    /// invalid or unsupported, this function will return None.
+    pub fn from_w3c(code: &str) -> Option<Key> {
+        // If the code is bigger than our buffer it can't possibly match.
+        if code.len() > 128 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        // First just check the whole thing lowercased, this is the simple case
+        if let Some(k) = Key::from_name(&code.to_ascii_lowercase()) {
+            return Some(k);
+        }
+
+        // We need to convert FooBar to foo_bar
+        let mut result = String::new();
+        for (i, ch) in code.bytes().enumerate() {
+            match ch {
+                b'a'..=b'z' => result.push(ch as char),
+
+                // Caps and numbers trigger underscores
+                b'A'..=b'Z' | b'0'..=b'9' => {
+                    if i > 0 {
+                        result.push('_');
+                    }
+                    result.push(ch.to_ascii_lowercase() as char);
+                }
+
+                // We don't know of any key codes that aren't alphanumeric.
+                _ => return None,
+            }
+        }
+
+        Key::from_name(&result)
+    }
+
+    /// Converts a Ghostty key enum value to a W3C key code.
+    pub fn w3c(self) -> String {
+        let name = self.name();
+        let mut out = String::with_capacity(name.len());
+        let mut upper_next = true;
+        for ch in name.chars() {
+            if ch == '_' {
+                upper_next = true;
+            } else if upper_next {
+                out.push(ch.to_ascii_uppercase());
+                upper_next = false;
+            } else {
+                out.push(ch);
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// True if this key represents a printable character.
+    pub fn printable(self) -> bool {
+        CODEPOINT_MAP.iter().any(|e| e.1 == self)
+    }
+
+    /// True if this key is a modifier.
+    pub fn modifier(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Key::ShiftLeft
+                | Key::ControlLeft
+                | Key::AltLeft
+                | Key::MetaLeft
+                | Key::ShiftRight
+                | Key::ControlRight
+                | Key::AltRight
+                | Key::MetaRight
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this key should be remappable by the operating system.
+    ///
+    /// On certain OSes (namely Linux and the BSDs) certain keys like the
+    /// functional keys are expected to be remappable by the user, such as
+    /// in the very common use case of swapping the Caps Lock key with the
+    /// Escape key with the XKB option `caps:swapescape`.
+    ///
+    /// However, the way XKB implements this is by essentially acting as a
+    /// software key remapper that destroys all information about the original
+    /// physical key, leading to very annoying bugs like #7309 where the
+    /// physical key `XKB_KEY_c` gets remapped into `XKB_KEY_Cyrillic_tse`,
+    /// which causes all of our physical key handling to completely break down.
+    /// _Very naughty._
+    ///
+    /// As a compromise, given that writing system keys (§3.1.1) comprise the
+    /// majority of keys that "change meaning [...] based on the current locale
+    /// and keyboard layout", we allow all other keys to be remapped by default
+    /// since they should be fairly harmless. We might consider making this
+    /// configurable, but for now this should at least placate most people.
+    pub fn should_be_remappable(self) -> bool {
+        let v = self as i32;
+        // "Writing System Keys" § 3.1.1 is the contiguous range
+        // backquote ..= slash.
+        !(Key::Backquote as i32..=Key::Slash as i32).contains(&v)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this is a keypad key.
+    pub fn keypad(self) -> bool {
+        self.name().starts_with("numpad_")
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the codepoint representing this key, or None if the key is not
+    /// printable.
+    pub fn codepoint(self) -> Option<u32> {
+        CODEPOINT_MAP.iter().find(|e| e.1 == self).map(|e| e.0)
+    }
+
+    /// true if this key is one of the left or right versions of super (MacOS)
+    /// or ctrl.
+    pub fn ctrl_or_super(self) -> bool {
+        // Non-darwin target.
+        self == Key::ControlLeft || self == Key::ControlRight
+    }
+
+    /// true if this key is either left or right shift.
+    pub fn left_or_right_shift(self) -> bool {
+        self == Key::ShiftLeft || self == Key::ShiftRight
+    }
+
+    /// true if this key is either left or right alt.
+    pub fn left_or_right_alt(self) -> bool {
+        self == Key::AltLeft || self == Key::AltRight
+    }
+}
+
+/// This sets either "ctrl" or "super" to true (but not both)
+/// on mods depending on if the build target is Mac or not. On
+/// Mac, we default to super (i.e. super+c for copy) and on
+/// non-Mac we default to ctrl (i.e. ctrl+c for copy).
+pub fn ctrl_or_super(mods: Mods) -> Mods {
+    let mut copy = mods;
+    // Non-darwin target.
+    copy.ctrl = true;
+    copy
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn from_ascii_should_not_return_keypad_keys() {
+        assert_eq!(Key::from_ascii(b'0'), Some(Key::Digit0));
+        assert_eq!(Key::from_ascii(b'*'), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn keypad_keys() {
+        assert!(Key::Numpad0.keypad());
+        assert!(!Key::Digit1.keypad());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn w3c() {
+        // All our keys should convert to and from the W3C format.
+        for &key in Key::ALL {
+            assert_eq!(Some(key), Key::from_w3c(&key.w3c()), "{key:?}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn w3c_names() {
+        assert_eq!(Key::KeyA.w3c(), "KeyA");
+        assert_eq!(Key::ArrowUp.w3c(), "ArrowUp");
+        assert_eq!(Key::Fn.w3c(), "Fn");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn should_be_remappable_range() {
+        assert!(!Key::KeyA.should_be_remappable());
+        assert!(!Key::Slash.should_be_remappable());
+        assert!(Key::AltLeft.should_be_remappable());
+        assert!(Key::Unidentified.should_be_remappable());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrl_or_super_test() {
+        let m = ctrl_or_super(Mods::default());
+        assert!(m.ctrl_or_super());
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/key_encode.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3161 @@
+//! Key event encoding: legacy (xterm/fixterms) and Kitty keyboard protocol
+//! (ZIG/src/input/key_encode.zig).
+
+use std::io::{self, Write};
+
+use ghostty_vt::kitty::key::Flags as KittyFlags;
+
+use crate::{
+    config::OptionAsAlt,
+    function_keys::{self, CursorMode, KeypadMode, ModifyKeys},
+    key::{self, Key, KeyEvent},
+    kitty::{self as kitty_table, Entry as KittyEntry},
+};
+
+/// Options that affect key encoding behavior. This is a mix of behavior
+/// from terminal state as well as application configuration.
+///
+/// TODO(integration): Zig has `Options.fromTerminal(*const Terminal)`; the
+/// terminal crate should construct this from its modes (`alt_esc_prefix`,
+/// `cursor_keys`, `keypad_keys`, `ignore_keypad_with_numlock`, flag
+/// `modify_other_keys_2`, active screen `kitty_keyboard.current()`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub struct Options {
+    /// Terminal DEC mode 1
+    pub cursor_key_application: bool,
+
+    /// Terminal DEC mode 66
+    pub keypad_key_application: bool,
+
+    /// Terminal DEC mode 1035
+    pub ignore_keypad_with_numlock: bool,
+
+    /// Terminal DEC mode 1036
+    pub alt_esc_prefix: bool,
+
+    /// xterm "modifyOtherKeys mode 2". Details here:
+    /// https://invisible-island.net/xterm/modified-keys.html
+    pub modify_other_keys_state_2: bool,
+
+    /// Kitty keyboard protocol flags.
+    pub kitty_flags: KittyFlags,
+
+    /// Determines whether the "option" key on macOS is treated
+    /// as "alt" or not. See the Ghostty `macos_option-as-alt` config
+    /// docs for a more detailed description of why this is needed.
+    pub macos_option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt,
+}
+
+impl Options {
+    pub const DEFAULT: Options = Options {
+        cursor_key_application: false,
+        keypad_key_application: false,
+        ignore_keypad_with_numlock: false,
+        alt_esc_prefix: false,
+        modify_other_keys_state_2: false,
+        kitty_flags: KittyFlags::DISABLED,
+        macos_option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt::False,
+    };
+}
+
+/// Encode the key event to the writer in the proper format given
+/// the options. For example, this will properly encode a key press
+/// such as "ctrl+A" to Kitty format if Kitty encoding is enabled.
+///
+/// Not all key events will result in output. It is up to the caller
+/// to use a writer that can track whether any output was written if
+/// they care about that.
+pub fn encode<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, event: &KeyEvent, opts: &Options) -> io::Result<()> {
+    if opts.kitty_flags.int() != 0 {
+        kitty(writer, event, opts)
+    } else {
+        legacy(writer, event, opts)
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_enter_backspace_tab(k: Key) -> bool {
+    matches!(k, Key::Enter | Key::Backspace | Key::Tab)
+}
+
+/// Perform Kitty keyboard protocol encoding of the key event.
+fn kitty<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, event: &KeyEvent, opts: &Options) -> io::Result<()> {
+    // This should never happen but we'll check anyway.
+    if opts.kitty_flags.int() == 0 {
+        return legacy(writer, event, opts);
+    }
+
+    // We only processed "press" events unless report events is active
+    if event.action == key::Action::Release {
+        if !opts.kitty_flags.report_events {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // Enter, backspace, and tab do not report release events unless "report
+        // all" is set
+        if !opts.kitty_flags.report_all && is_enter_backspace_tab(event.key) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    }
+
+    let all_mods = event.mods;
+    let effective_mods = event.effective_mods();
+    let binding_mods = effective_mods.binding();
+
+    // Find the entry for this key in the kitty table.
+    let entry_: Option<KittyEntry> = 'entry: {
+        // Functional or predefined keys
+        for entry in kitty_table::entries() {
+            if entry.key == event.key {
+                break 'entry Some(*entry);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, we use our unicode codepoint from UTF8. We
+        // always use the unshifted value.
+        if event.unshifted_codepoint > 0 {
+            break 'entry Some(KittyEntry {
+                key: event.key,
+                code: event.unshifted_codepoint,
+                final_: b'u',
+                modifier: false,
+            });
+        }
+
+        None
+    };
+
+    'preprocessing: {
+        // When composing, the only keys sent are plain modifiers.
+        if event.composing {
+            if let Some(entry) = &entry_
+                && entry.modifier
+            {
+                break 'preprocessing;
+            }
+
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // IME confirmation still sends an enter key so if we have enter
+        // and UTF8 text we just send it directly since we assume that is
+        // what's happening. See legacy()'s similar logic for more details
+        // on how to verify this.
+        if !event.utf8.is_empty() && matches!(event.key, Key::Enter | Key::Backspace) {
+            // See legacy for why we handle this this way.
+            if !is_control_utf8(event.utf8) {
+                if event.key == Key::Backspace {
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                return writer.write_all(event.utf8.as_bytes());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If we're reporting all then we always send CSI sequences.
+        if !opts.kitty_flags.report_all {
+            // Quote:
+            // The only exceptions are the Enter, Tab and Backspace keys which
+            // still generate the same bytes as in legacy mode this is to allow the
+            // user to type and execute commands in the shell such as reset after a
+            // program that sets this mode crashes without clearing it.
+            //
+            // Quote ("report all" mode):
+            // Note that all keys are reported as escape codes, including Enter,
+            // Tab, Backspace etc.
+            if binding_mods.empty() {
+                match event.key {
+                    Key::Enter => return writer.write_all(b"\r"),
+                    Key::Tab => return writer.write_all(b"\t"),
+                    Key::Backspace => return writer.write_all(&[0x7F]),
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Send plain-text non-modified text directly to the terminal.
+            // We don't send release events because those are specially encoded.
+            if !event.utf8.is_empty()
+                && binding_mods.empty()
+                && event.action != key::Action::Release
+            {
+                // We only do this for printable characters. We should
+                // inspect the real unicode codepoint properties here but
+                // the real world issue is usually control characters.
+                if !event.utf8.chars().any(|c| is_control(u32::from(c))) {
+                    return writer.write_all(event.utf8.as_bytes());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let Some(entry) = entry_ else {
+        // No entry found. If we have UTF-8 text this is a pure text event
+        // (e.g. composed/IME text), so send it as-is so programs can
+        // still receive it.
+        if !event.utf8.is_empty() {
+            return writer.write_all(event.utf8.as_bytes());
+        }
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    // If this is just a modifier we require "report all" to send the sequence.
+    if entry.modifier && !opts.kitty_flags.report_all {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let seq = {
+        let mut seq = KittySequence {
+            key: entry.code,
+            final_: entry.final_,
+            mods: KittyMods::from_input(event.action, event.key, all_mods),
+            event: KittyEvent::None,
+            alternates: [None, None],
+            text: "",
+        };
+
+        if opts.kitty_flags.report_events {
+            seq.event = match event.action {
+                key::Action::Press => KittyEvent::Press,
+                key::Action::Release => KittyEvent::Release,
+                key::Action::Repeat => KittyEvent::Repeat,
+            };
+        }
+
+        'alternates: {
+            if !opts.kitty_flags.report_alternates {
+                break 'alternates;
+            }
+
+            // Break early if this is a control key
+            if is_control(seq.key) {
+                break 'alternates;
+            }
+
+            let mut it = event.utf8.chars();
+
+            // If we have a codepoint in our UTF-8 sequence, then we can
+            // report the shifted version.
+            if let Some(cp1) = it.next().map(u32::from) {
+                // Set the first alternate (shifted version)
+                if cp1 != seq.key && seq.mods.shift {
+                    seq.alternates[0] = Some(cp1);
+                }
+
+                // We want to know if there are additional codepoints because
+                // our logic below depends on the utf8 being a single codepoint.
+                let has_cp2 = it.next().is_some();
+
+                // Set the base layout key. We only report this if this codepoint
+                // differs from our pressed key.
+                if let Some(base) = event.key.codepoint()
+                    && base != seq.key
+                    && (cp1 != base && !has_cp2)
+                {
+                    seq.alternates[1] = Some(base);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // No UTF-8 so we can't report a shifted key but we can still
+                // report a base layout key.
+                if let Some(base) = event.key.codepoint()
+                    && base != seq.key
+                {
+                    seq.alternates[1] = Some(base);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if opts.kitty_flags.report_associated && seq.event != KittyEvent::Release {
+            // Determine if the Alt modifier should be treated as an actual
+            // modifier (in which case it prevents associated text) or as
+            // the macOS Option key, which does not prevent associated text.
+            // (Non-macOS: always true.)
+            let alt_prevents_text = true;
+
+            if !seq.mods.prevents_text(alt_prevents_text) {
+                seq.text = event.utf8;
+            }
+        }
+
+        seq
+    };
+
+    seq.encode(writer)
+}
+
+/// Perform legacy encoding of the key event. "Legacy" in this case
+/// is referring to the behavior of traditional terminals, plus
+/// xterm's `modifyOtherKeys`, plus Paul Evans's "fixterms" spec.
+/// These together combine the legacy protocol because they're all
+/// meant to be extensions that do not change any existing behavior
+/// and therefore safe to combine.
+fn legacy<W: Write>(writer: &mut W, event: &KeyEvent, opts: &Options) -> io::Result<()> {
+    let all_mods = event.mods;
+    let effective_mods = event.effective_mods();
+    let binding_mods = effective_mods.binding();
+
+    // Legacy encoding only does press/repeat
+    if event.action != key::Action::Press && event.action != key::Action::Repeat {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // If we're in a dead key state then we never emit a sequence.
+    if event.composing {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // If we match a PC style function key then that is our result.
+    if let Some(sequence) = pc_style_function_key(
+        event.key,
+        all_mods,
+        opts.cursor_key_application,
+        opts.keypad_key_application,
+        opts.ignore_keypad_with_numlock,
+        opts.modify_other_keys_state_2,
+    ) {
+        // If we have UTF-8 text, then we never emit PC style function
+        // keys. Many function keys (escape, enter, backspace) have
+        // a specific meaning when dead keys are active and so we don't
+        // want to send that to the terminal. Examples:
+        //
+        //   - Japanese: escape clears the dead key state
+        //   - Korean: escape commits the dead key state
+        //   - Korean: backspace should delete a single preedit char
+        //
+        let mut skip_pc_style = false;
+        if !event.utf8.is_empty()
+            && matches!(event.key, Key::Backspace | Key::Enter | Key::Escape)
+            // We want to ignore control characters. This is because
+            // some apprts (macOS) will send control characters as
+            // UTF-8 encodings and we handle that manually.
+            && !is_control_utf8(event.utf8)
+        {
+            // Backspace encodes nothing because we modified IME.
+            // Enter/escape don't encode the PC-style encoding
+            // because we want to encode committed text.
+            if event.key == Key::Backspace {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+            skip_pc_style = true;
+        }
+
+        if !skip_pc_style {
+            return writer.write_all(sequence.as_bytes());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If we match a control sequence, we output that directly. For
+    // ctrlSeq we have to use all mods because we want it to only
+    // match ctrl+<char>.
+    if let Some(ch) = ctrl_seq(event.key, event.utf8, event.unshifted_codepoint, all_mods) {
+        // C0 sequences support alt-as-esc prefixing.
+        if binding_mods.alt {
+            return writer.write_all(&[0x1B, ch]);
+        }
+
+        return writer.write_all(&[ch]);
+    }
+
+    // If we have no UTF8 text then the only possibility is the
+    // alt-prefix handling of unshifted codepoints... so we process that.
+    let utf8 = event.utf8;
+    if utf8.is_empty() {
+        if let Some(byte) = legacy_alt_prefix(event, binding_mods, all_mods, opts) {
+            writer.write_all(&[0x1B, byte])?;
+        }
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    // In modify other keys state 2, we send the CSI 27 sequence
+    // for any char with a modifier. Ctrl sequences like Ctrl+a
+    // are already handled above.
+    if opts.modify_other_keys_state_2 {
+        let mut it = utf8.chars();
+        // We only do this if we have a single codepoint. There shouldn't
+        // ever be a multi-codepoint sequence that triggers this.
+        if let (Some(codepoint), None) = (it.next().map(u32::from), it.clone().next()) {
+            // The mods we encode for this are just the binding mods (shift, ctrl,
+            // super, alt unless it is actually option).
+            let mods = event.mods.binding();
+
+            // This copies xterm's `ModifyOtherKeys` function that returns
+            // whether modify other keys should be encoded for the given
+            // input.
+            let should_modify = 'should_modify: {
+                // xterm IsControlInput
+                if (0x40..=0x7F).contains(&codepoint) {
+                    break 'should_modify true;
+                }
+
+                // If we have anything other than shift pressed, encode.
+                let mut mods_no_shift = mods;
+                mods_no_shift.shift = false;
+                if !mods_no_shift.empty() {
+                    break 'should_modify true;
+                }
+
+                // We only have shift pressed. We only allow space.
+                if codepoint == u32::from(' ') {
+                    break 'should_modify true;
+                }
+
+                // This logic isn't complete but I don't fully understand
+                // the rest so I'm going to wait until we can have a
+                // reasonable test scenario.
+                false
+            };
+
+            if should_modify {
+                for (modset, code) in function_keys::MODIFIERS.iter().zip(2..) {
+                    if !mods.equal(*modset) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    return write!(writer, "\x1B[27;{code};{codepoint}~");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Let's see if we should apply fixterms to this codepoint.
+    // At this stage of key processing, we only need to apply fixterms
+    // to unicode codepoints if we have ctrl set.
+    if event.mods.ctrl {
+        'csiu: {
+            // Important: we want to use the original mods here, not the
+            // effective mods. The fixterms spec states the shifted chars
+            // should be sent uppercase but Kitty changes that behavior
+            // so we'll send all the mods.
+            let mut csi_u_mods = CsiUMods::from_input(event.mods);
+
+            // Get our codepoint. If we have more than one codepoint this
+            // can't be valid CSIu.
+            let mut it = event.utf8.chars();
+            let Some(first) = it.next() else {
+                break 'csiu;
+            };
+            if it.next().is_some() {
+                break 'csiu;
+            }
+            let mut ch = u32::from(first);
+
+            // If our character is A to Z and we have shift set, then
+            // we lowercase it. This is a Kitty-specific behavior that
+            // we choose to follow and diverge from the fixterms spec.
+            // This makes it easier for programs to detect shifted letters
+            // for keybindings and is not just theoretical but used by
+            // real programs.
+            if (u32::from('A')..=u32::from('Z')).contains(&ch) && csi_u_mods.shift {
+                // We want to rely on apprt to send us the correct
+                // unshifted codepoint...
+                ch += 32;
+            }
+
+            // If our unshifted codepoint is identical to the shifted
+            // then we consider shift. Otherwise, we do not because the
+            // shift key was used to obtain the character. This is specified
+            // by fixterms.
+            if event.unshifted_codepoint != ch {
+                csi_u_mods.shift = false;
+            }
+
+            return write!(writer, "\x1B[{};{}u", ch, csi_u_mods.seq_int());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If we have alt-pressed and alt-esc-prefix is enabled, then
+    // we need to prefix the utf8 sequence with an esc.
+    if let Some(byte) = legacy_alt_prefix(event, binding_mods, all_mods, opts) {
+        return writer.write_all(&[0x1B, byte]);
+    }
+
+    // (On macOS, command+keys do not encode text. On Linux we continue to
+    // encode text because it is typical.)
+
+    writer.write_all(utf8.as_bytes())
+}
+
+fn legacy_alt_prefix(
+    event: &KeyEvent,
+    binding_mods: key::Mods,
+    _mods: key::Mods,
+    opts: &Options,
+) -> Option<u8> {
+    // This only takes effect with alt pressed
+    if !binding_mods.alt || !opts.alt_esc_prefix {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // (macOS option-as-alt handling does not apply on Linux.)
+
+    // Otherwise, we require utf8 to already have the byte represented.
+    let utf8 = event.utf8.as_bytes();
+    if utf8.len() == 1 {
+        return Some(utf8[0]);
+    }
+
+    // If UTF8 isn't set, we will allow unshifted codepoints through.
+    if event.unshifted_codepoint > 0
+        && let Ok(byte) = u8::try_from(event.unshifted_codepoint)
+    {
+        return Some(byte);
+    }
+
+    // Else, we can't figure out the byte to alt-prefix so we
+    // exit this handling.
+    None
+}
+
+/// Determines whether the key should be encoded in the xterm
+/// "PC-style Function Key" syntax (roughly). This is a hardcoded
+/// table of keys and modifiers that result in a specific sequence.
+fn pc_style_function_key(
+    keyval: Key,
+    mods: key::Mods,
+    cursor_key_application: bool,
+    keypad_key_application_req: bool,
+    ignore_keypad_with_numlock: bool,
+    modify_other_keys: bool, // True if state 2
+) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    // We only want binding-sensitive mods because lock keys
+    // and directional modifiers (left/right) don't matter for
+    // pc-style function keys.
+    let mods_int = mods.binding().int();
+
+    // Keypad application keymode isn't super straightforward.
+    // On xterm, in VT220 mode, numlock alone is enough to trigger
+    // application mode. But in more modern modes, numlock is
+    // ignored by default via mode 1035 (default true). If mode
+    // 1035 is on, we always are in numerical keypad mode. If
+    // mode 1035 is off, we are in application mode if the
+    // proper numlock state is pressed. The numlock state is implicitly
+    // determined based on the keycode sent (i.e. 1 with numlock
+    // on will be kp_end).
+    //
+    // If we're ignoring keypad then this is always false.
+    // In other words, we're always in numerical keypad mode.
+    let keypad_key_application = if ignore_keypad_with_numlock {
+        false
+    } else {
+        keypad_key_application_req
+    };
+
+    for entry in function_keys::keys(keyval) {
+        match entry.cursor {
+            CursorMode::Any => {}
+            CursorMode::Normal => {
+                if cursor_key_application {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            CursorMode::Application => {
+                if !cursor_key_application {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match entry.keypad {
+            KeypadMode::Any => {}
+            KeypadMode::Normal => {
+                if keypad_key_application {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            KeypadMode::Application => {
+                if !keypad_key_application {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match entry.modify_other_keys {
+            ModifyKeys::Any => {}
+            ModifyKeys::Set => {
+                if modify_other_keys {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+            ModifyKeys::SetOther => {
+                if !modify_other_keys {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let entry_mods_int = entry.mods.int();
+        if entry_mods_int == 0 {
+            if mods_int != 0 && !entry.mods_empty_is_any {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // mods are either empty, or empty means any so we allow it.
+        } else if entry_mods_int != mods_int {
+            // any set mods require an exact match
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        return Some(entry.sequence.as_str());
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+/// Returns the C0 byte for the key event if it should be used.
+/// This converts a key event into the expected terminal behavior
+/// such as Ctrl+C turning into 0x03, amongst many other translations.
+///
+/// This will return None if the key event should not be converted
+/// into a C0 byte. There are many cases for this and you should read
+/// the source code to understand them.
+fn ctrl_seq(logical_key: Key, utf8: &str, unshifted_codepoint: u32, mods: key::Mods) -> Option<u8> {
+    let ctrl_only = key::Mods {
+        ctrl: true,
+        ..key::Mods::default()
+    }
+    .int();
+
+    // If ctrl is not pressed then we never do anything.
+    if !mods.ctrl {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // We need to only get binding modifiers so we strip lock
+    // keys, sides, etc.
+    let mut unset_mods = mods.binding();
+
+    // Remove alt from our modifiers because it does not impact whether
+    // we are generating a ctrl sequence and we handle the ESC-prefix
+    // logic separately.
+    unset_mods.alt = false;
+
+    let mut ch: u8 = 'ch: {
+        // If we have exactly one UTF8 byte, we assume that is the
+        // character we want to convert to a C0 byte.
+        if utf8.len() == 1 {
+            break 'ch utf8.as_bytes()[0];
+        }
+
+        // If we have a logical key that maps to a single byte
+        // printable character, we use that. History to explain this:
+        // this was added to support cyrillic keyboard layouts such
+        // as Russian and Mongolian. These layouts have a `c` key that
+        // maps to U+0441 (cyrillic small letter "c") but every
+        // terminal I've tested encodes this as ctrl+c.
+        if let Some(cp) = logical_key.codepoint()
+            && let Ok(byte) = u8::try_from(cp)
+        {
+            // For this specific case, we only map to the key if
+            // we have exactly ctrl pressed. This is because shift
+            // would modify the key and we don't know how to do that
+            // properly here (don't have the layout). And we want
+            // to encode shift as CSIu.
+            if unset_mods.int() != ctrl_only {
+                return None;
+            }
+            break 'ch byte;
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise we don't have a character to convert that
+        // we can reliably map to a C0 byte.
+        return None;
+    };
+
+    // Remove shift if we have something outside of the US letter
+    // range. This is so that characters such as `ctrl+shift+-`
+    // generate the correct ctrl-seq (used by emacs).
+    if unset_mods.shift && !ch.is_ascii_uppercase() {
+        // Special case for fixterms awkward case as specified.
+        if ch != b'@' {
+            unset_mods.shift = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If the character is uppercase, we convert it to lowercase. We
+    // rely on the unshifted codepoint to do this. This handles
+    // the scenario where we have caps lock pressed. Note that
+    // shifted characters are handled above, if we are just pressing
+    // shift then the ctrl-only check will fail later and we won't
+    // ctrl-seq encode.
+    if ch.is_ascii_uppercase()
+        && unshifted_codepoint > 0
+        && let Ok(byte) = u8::try_from(unshifted_codepoint)
+    {
+        ch = byte;
+    }
+
+    // An additional note on caps lock and shift interaction.
+    // If we have caps lock set and an ASCII letter is pressed,
+    // we lowercase it (above). If we have only control pressed,
+    // we process it as a ctrl seq. For example ctrl+M with caps
+    // lock but no shift will encode as 0x0D.
+    //
+    // But, if you press ctrl+shift+m, this will not encode as a
+    // ctrl-seq and falls through to CSIu encoding. This lets programs
+    // detect the difference between ctrl+M and ctrl+shift+M. This
+    // diverges from the fixterms "spec" and most terminals. This
+    // only matches Kitty in behavior. But I believe this is a
+    // justified divergence because it's a useful distinction.
+
+    // After unsetting, we only continue if we have ONLY control set.
+    if unset_mods.int() != ctrl_only {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    // From Kitty's key encoding logic. I tried to discern the exact
+    // behavior across different terminals but it's not clear, so I'm
+    // just going to repeat what Kitty does.
+    match ch {
+        b' ' => Some(0),
+        b'/' => Some(31),
+        b'0' => Some(48),
+        b'1' => Some(49),
+        b'2' => Some(0),
+        b'3' => Some(27),
+        b'4' => Some(28),
+        b'5' => Some(29),
+        b'6' => Some(30),
+        b'7' => Some(31),
+        b'8' => Some(127),
+        b'9' => Some(57),
+        b'?' => Some(127),
+        b'@' => Some(0),
+        b'\\' => Some(28),
+        b']' => Some(29),
+        b'^' => Some(30),
+        b'_' => Some(31),
+        b'a' => Some(1),
+        b'b' => Some(2),
+        b'c' => Some(3),
+        b'd' => Some(4),
+        b'e' => Some(5),
+        b'f' => Some(6),
+        b'g' => Some(7),
+        b'h' => Some(8),
+        b'j' => Some(10),
+        b'k' => Some(11),
+        b'l' => Some(12),
+        b'n' => Some(14),
+        b'o' => Some(15),
+        b'p' => Some(16),
+        b'q' => Some(17),
+        b'r' => Some(18),
+        b's' => Some(19),
+        b't' => Some(20),
+        b'u' => Some(21),
+        b'v' => Some(22),
+        b'w' => Some(23),
+        b'x' => Some(24),
+        b'y' => Some(25),
+        b'z' => Some(26),
+        b'~' => Some(30),
+
+        // These are purposely NOT handled here because of the fixterms
+        // specification: https://www.leonerd.org.uk/hacks/fixterms/
+        // These are processed as CSI u.
+        // 'i' => 0x09,
+        // 'm' => 0x0D,
+        // '[' => 0x1B,
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns true if this is an ASCII control character, matches libc implementation.
+fn is_control(cp: u32) -> bool {
+    cp < 0x20 || cp == 0x7F
+}
+
+/// Returns true if this string is comprised of a single
+/// control character. This returns false for multi-byte strings.
+fn is_control_utf8(s: &str) -> bool {
+    s.len() == 1 && is_control(u32::from(s.as_bytes()[0]))
+}
+
+/// This is the bitmask for fixterm CSI u modifiers.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+struct CsiUMods {
+    shift: bool,
+    alt: bool,
+    ctrl: bool,
+}
+
+impl CsiUMods {
+    /// Convert an input mods value into the CSI u mods value.
+    fn from_input(mods: key::Mods) -> CsiUMods {
+        CsiUMods {
+            shift: mods.shift,
+            alt: mods.alt,
+            ctrl: mods.ctrl,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the raw int value of this packed struct.
+    fn int(self) -> u8 {
+        u8::from(self.shift) | u8::from(self.alt) << 1 | u8::from(self.ctrl) << 2
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the integer value sent as part of the CSI u sequence.
+    /// This adds 1 to the bitmask value as described in the spec.
+    fn seq_int(self) -> u8 {
+        self.int() + 1
+    }
+}
+
+/// This is the bitfields for Kitty modifiers.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+struct KittyMods {
+    shift: bool,
+    alt: bool,
+    ctrl: bool,
+    super_: bool,
+    hyper: bool,
+    meta: bool,
+    caps_lock: bool,
+    num_lock: bool,
+}
+
+impl KittyMods {
+    /// Convert an input mods value into the CSI u mods value.
+    fn from_input(_action: key::Action, _k: Key, mods: key::Mods) -> KittyMods {
+        KittyMods {
+            shift: mods.shift,
+            alt: mods.alt,
+            ctrl: mods.ctrl,
+            super_: mods.super_,
+            hyper: false,
+            meta: false,
+            caps_lock: mods.caps_lock,
+            num_lock: mods.num_lock,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the modifiers prevent printable text.
+    ///
+    /// The alt_prevents_text parameter determines whether or not the Alt
+    /// modifier prevents printable text. On Linux, this is always true. On
+    /// macOS, this is only true if macos-option-as-alt is set.
+    fn prevents_text(self, alt_prevents_text: bool) -> bool {
+        (self.alt && alt_prevents_text) || self.ctrl || self.super_ || self.hyper || self.meta
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the raw int value of this packed struct.
+    fn int(self) -> u16 {
+        u16::from(self.shift)
+            | u16::from(self.alt) << 1
+            | u16::from(self.ctrl) << 2
+            | u16::from(self.super_) << 3
+            | u16::from(self.hyper) << 4
+            | u16::from(self.meta) << 5
+            | u16::from(self.caps_lock) << 6
+            | u16::from(self.num_lock) << 7
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the integer value sent as part of the Kitty sequence.
+    /// This adds 1 to the bitmask value as described in the spec.
+    fn seq_int(self) -> u16 {
+        self.int() + 1
+    }
+}
+
+/// Values for the event code (see "event-type" in the KittySequence comment).
+/// Note that Kitty omits the ":1" for the press event but other
+/// terminals include it. We'll include it.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum KittyEvent {
+    None = 0,
+    Press = 1,
+    Repeat = 2,
+    Release = 3,
+}
+
+/// Represents a kitty key sequence and has helpers for encoding it.
+/// The sequence from the Kitty specification:
+///
+/// CSI unicode-key-code:alternate-key-codes ; modifiers:event-type ; text-as-codepoints u
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+struct KittySequence<'a> {
+    key: u32,
+    final_: u8,
+    mods: KittyMods,
+    event: KittyEvent,
+    alternates: [Option<u32>; 2],
+    text: &'a str,
+}
+
+impl KittySequence<'_> {
+    fn encode<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if self.final_ == b'u' || self.final_ == b'~' {
+            return self.encode_full(writer);
+        }
+        self.encode_special(writer)
+    }
+
+    fn encode_full<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+        // Key section
+        write!(writer, "\x1B[{}", self.key)?;
+        // Write our alternates
+        if let Some(shifted) = self.alternates[0] {
+            write!(writer, ":{shifted}")?;
+        }
+        if let Some(base) = self.alternates[1] {
+            if self.alternates[0].is_none() {
+                write!(writer, "::{base}")?;
+            } else {
+                write!(writer, ":{base}")?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Mods and events section
+        let mods = self.mods.seq_int();
+        let mut emit_prior = false;
+        if self.event != KittyEvent::None && self.event != KittyEvent::Press {
+            write!(writer, ";{}:{}", mods, self.event as u8)?;
+            emit_prior = true;
+        } else if mods > 1 {
+            write!(writer, ";{mods}")?;
+            emit_prior = true;
+        }
+
+        // Text section
+        if !self.text.is_empty() {
+            let mut count = 0;
+            for c in self.text.chars() {
+                let cp = u32::from(c);
+                // If the codepoint is non-printable ASCII character, skip.
+                if is_control(cp) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // We need to add our ";". We need to add two if we didn't emit
+                // the modifier section. We only do this initially.
+                if count == 0 {
+                    if !emit_prior {
+                        writer.write_all(b";")?;
+                    }
+                    writer.write_all(b";")?;
+                } else {
+                    writer.write_all(b":")?;
+                }
+
+                write!(writer, "{cp}")?;
+                count += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        writer.write_all(&[self.final_])
+    }
+
+    fn encode_special<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> io::Result<()> {
+        let mods = self.mods.seq_int();
+        let f = self.final_ as char;
+        if self.event != KittyEvent::None {
+            return write!(writer, "\x1B[1;{}:{}{}", mods, self.event as u8, f);
+        }
+
+        if mods > 1 {
+            return write!(writer, "\x1B[1;{mods}{f}");
+        }
+
+        write!(writer, "\x1B[{f}")
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::key_mods::{ModSide, Mods, Side};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_plain_text() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyA,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "abcd",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"abcd");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_repeat_with_just_disambiguate() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyA,
+                    action: key::Action::Repeat,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "a",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"a");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_enter_backspace_tab() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Enter,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x0d");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x7f");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Tab,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x09");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::Enter,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::Tab,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::Enter,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[13;1:3u");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[127;1:3u");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::Tab,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[9;1:3u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_shift_backspace_emits_csi_u() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[127;2u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_shift_enter_emits_csi_u() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Enter,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[13;2u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_shift_tab_emits_csi_u() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Tab,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[9;2u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_enter_with_all_flags() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Enter,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w[1..], b"[13u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_ctrl_with_all_flags() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::ControlLeft,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w[1..], b"[57442;5u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_ctrl_release_with_ctrl_mod_set() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::ControlLeft,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w[1..], b"[57442;5:3u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_delete() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Delete,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "\u{7f}",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[3~");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_composing_with_no_modifier() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyA,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    composing: true,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_composing_with_modifier() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::ShiftLeft,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    composing: true,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[57441;2u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_composed_text_with_report_all() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Unidentified,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "\u{fb}",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\xc3\xbb");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_shift_a_on_us_keyboard() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyA,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "A",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 97,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[97:65;2u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_matching_unshifted_codepoint() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyA,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "A",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 65,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[65::97;2u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_alternates_with_caps() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyJ,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        caps_lock: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "J",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 106,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[106;65;74u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_alternates_colon_shift() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Semicolon,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: ":",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: u32::from(';'),
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[59:58;2;58u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_alternates_with_ru_layout() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Semicolon,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "\u{447}",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 1095,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[1095::59;;1095u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_alternates_with_ru_layout_shifted() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Semicolon,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "\u{427}",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 1095,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[1095:1063:59;2;1063u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_alternates_with_ru_layout_caps_lock() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Semicolon,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        caps_lock: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "\u{427}",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 1095,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[1095::59;65;1063u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_alternates_with_hu_layout_release() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::BracketLeft,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 337,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w[1..], b"[337::91;5:3u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_up_arrow_with_utf8() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::ArrowUp,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "\u{1e}",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[A");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_shift_tab() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Tab,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[9;2u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_left_shift() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::ShiftLeft,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_left_shift_with_report_all() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::ShiftLeft,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[57441u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_associated_with_modifiers() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyJ,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "j",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 106,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[106;5u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_associated() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyJ,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "J",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 106,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[106:74;2;74u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_report_associated_on_release() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    action: key::Action::Release,
+                    key: Key::KeyJ,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "J",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 106,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w[1..], b"[106:74;2:3u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_alternates_omit_control_characters() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Delete,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "\u{7f}",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[3~");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_enter_with_utf8_dead_key_state() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Enter,
+                    utf8: "A",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 0x0D,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        ..KittyFlags::DISABLED
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"A");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_keypad_number() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Numpad1,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "1",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w[1..], b"[57400;;49u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_backspace_with_utf8_dead_key_state() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            kitty(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    utf8: "A",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 0x0D,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    kitty_flags: KittyFlags {
+                        disambiguate: true,
+                        report_events: true,
+                        report_alternates: true,
+                        report_all: true,
+                        report_associated: true,
+                    },
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_backspace_with_utf8_dead_key_state() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    utf8: "A",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 0x0D,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_enter_with_utf8_dead_key_state() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Enter,
+                    utf8: "A",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 0x0D,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"A");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_esc_with_utf8_dead_key_state() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Escape,
+                    utf8: "A",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 0x0D,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"A");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_shift_minus_underscore_on_us() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Minus,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "_",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1f");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_alt_c() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyC,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        alt: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "c",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b\x03");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_alt_c() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyC,
+                    utf8: "c",
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        alt: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    alt_esc_prefix: true,
+                    macos_option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt::True,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1bc");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_alt_e_only_unshifted() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyE,
+                    unshifted_codepoint: u32::from('e'),
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        alt: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    alt_esc_prefix: true,
+                    macos_option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt::True,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1be");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_alt() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyF,
+                    utf8: "\u{444}",
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        alt: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    alt_esc_prefix: true,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\xd1\x84");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_c() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyC,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "c",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x03");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_space() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Space,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: " ",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x00");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_shift_backspace() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x08");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_shift_char_with_modify_other_state_2() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyH,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "H",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    modify_other_keys_state_2: true,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[27;6;72~");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_shift_char_with_modify_other_state_2_and_consumed_mods() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyH,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "H",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    modify_other_keys_state_2: true,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[27;6;72~");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_alt_digit_with_modify_other_state_2() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Digit8,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        alt: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "8",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    modify_other_keys_state_2: true,
+                    macos_option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt::True,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[27;3;56~");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_fixterm_awkward_letters() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyI,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "i",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[105;5u");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyM,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "m",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[109;5u");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::BracketLeft,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "[",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[91;5u");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Digit2,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "@",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: u32::from('2'),
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[64;5u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_ctrl_shift_letter_ascii() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::KeyM,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "M",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: u32::from('m'),
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[109;6u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_shift_function_key_should_use_all_mods() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::ArrowUp,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[1;2A");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_keypad_enter() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::NumpadEnter,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x0d");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_keypad_1() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Numpad1,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "1",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"1");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_keypad_1_with_application_keypad() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Numpad1,
+                    mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "1",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    keypad_key_application: true,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1bOq");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_keypad_1_with_application_keypad_and_numlock() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Numpad1,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        num_lock: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "1",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    keypad_key_application: true,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1bOq");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_keypad_1_with_application_keypad_and_numlock_ignore() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Numpad1,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        num_lock: false,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    utf8: "1",
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    keypad_key_application: true,
+                    ignore_keypad_with_numlock: true,
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"1");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_f1() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::F1,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[1;5P");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::F2,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[1;5Q");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::F3,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[13;5~");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::F4,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[1;5S");
+        }
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::F5,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    consumed_mods: Mods { ..Mods::default() },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[15;5~");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_left_shift_tab() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Tab,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        sides: Side {
+                            shift: ModSide::Left,
+                            ..Side::default()
+                        },
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[Z");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_right_shift_tab() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Tab,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        shift: true,
+                        sides: Side {
+                            shift: ModSide::Right,
+                            ..Side::default()
+                        },
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x1b[Z");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_hu_layout_ctrl_sends_proper_codepoint() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::BracketLeft,
+                    mods: Mods {
+                        ctrl: true,
+                        ..Mods::default()
+                    },
+                    utf8: "\u{151}",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 337,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w[1..], b"[337;5u");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn legacy_backspace_with_del_utf8() {
+        {
+            let mut w = Vec::new();
+            legacy(
+                &mut w,
+                &KeyEvent {
+                    key: Key::Backspace,
+                    utf8: "\u{7f}",
+                    unshifted_codepoint: 0x08,
+                    ..KeyEvent::default()
+                },
+                &Options {
+                    ..Options::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(&w, b"\x7f");
+        }
+    }
+    fn enc(seq: KittySequence) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut w = Vec::new();
+        seq.encode(&mut w).unwrap();
+        w
+    }
+
+    fn seq(key: u32, final_: u8) -> KittySequence<'static> {
+        KittySequence {
+            key,
+            final_,
+            mods: KittyMods::default(),
+            event: KittyEvent::None,
+            alternates: [None, None],
+            text: "",
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn ctrl() -> Mods {
+        Mods {
+            ctrl: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn csi_u_mods_modifier_sequence_values() {
+        let c = |shift, alt, ctrl| CsiUMods { shift, alt, ctrl }.seq_int();
+        assert_eq!(1, c(false, false, false));
+        assert_eq!(2, c(true, false, false));
+        assert_eq!(3, c(false, true, false));
+        assert_eq!(5, c(false, false, true));
+        assert_eq!(4, c(true, true, false));
+        assert_eq!(6, c(true, false, true));
+        assert_eq!(7, c(false, true, true));
+        assert_eq!(8, c(true, true, true));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_mods_modifier_sequence_values() {
+        let c = |shift, alt, ctrl| {
+            KittyMods {
+                shift,
+                alt,
+                ctrl,
+                ..KittyMods::default()
+            }
+            .seq_int()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(1, c(false, false, false));
+        assert_eq!(2, c(true, false, false));
+        assert_eq!(3, c(false, true, false));
+        assert_eq!(5, c(false, false, true));
+        assert_eq!(4, c(true, true, false));
+        assert_eq!(6, c(true, false, true));
+        assert_eq!(7, c(false, true, true));
+        assert_eq!(8, c(true, true, true));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_sequence_backspace() {
+        assert_eq!(enc(seq(127, b'u')), b"\x1B[127u");
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                event: KittyEvent::Release,
+                ..seq(127, b'u')
+            }),
+            b"\x1B[127;1:3u"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                mods: KittyMods {
+                    shift: true,
+                    ..KittyMods::default()
+                },
+                ..seq(127, b'u')
+            }),
+            b"\x1B[127;2u"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_sequence_text() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                text: "A",
+                ..seq(127, b'u')
+            }),
+            b"\x1B[127;;65u"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                event: KittyEvent::Release,
+                text: "A",
+                ..seq(127, b'u')
+            }),
+            b"\x1B[127;1:3;65u"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                mods: KittyMods {
+                    shift: true,
+                    ..KittyMods::default()
+                },
+                text: "A",
+                ..seq(127, b'u')
+            }),
+            b"\x1B[127;2;65u"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_sequence_text_with_control_characters() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                text: "\n",
+                ..seq(127, b'u')
+            }),
+            b"\x1b[127u"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                text: "A\n",
+                ..seq(127, b'u')
+            }),
+            b"\x1b[127;;65u"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_sequence_special_no_mods() {
+        assert_eq!(enc(seq(1, b'A')), b"\x1B[A");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_sequence_special_mods_only() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                mods: KittyMods {
+                    shift: true,
+                    ..KittyMods::default()
+                },
+                ..seq(1, b'A')
+            }),
+            b"\x1B[1;2A"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn kitty_sequence_special_mods_and_event() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            enc(KittySequence {
+                event: KittyEvent::Release,
+                mods: KittyMods {
+                    shift: true,
+                    ..KittyMods::default()
+                },
+                ..seq(1, b'A')
+            }),
+            b"\x1B[1;2:3A"
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn right_ctrl() -> Mods {
+        Mods {
+            ctrl: true,
+            sides: Side {
+                ctrl: ModSide::Right,
+                ..Side::default()
+            },
+            ..Mods::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_normal_ctrl_c() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "c", 'c' as u32, ctrl()),
+            Some(0x03)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_normal_ctrl_c_right_control() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "c", 'c' as u32, right_ctrl()),
+            Some(0x03)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_alt_should_be_allowed() {
+        let mods = Mods {
+            alt: true,
+            ctrl: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "c", 'c' as u32, mods),
+            Some(0x03)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_no_ctrl_does_nothing() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "c", 'c' as u32, Mods::default()),
+            None
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_shifted_non_character() {
+        let mods = Mods {
+            ctrl: true,
+            shift: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "_", '-' as u32, mods),
+            Some(0x1F)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_caps_ascii_letter() {
+        let mods = Mods {
+            ctrl: true,
+            caps_lock: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "C", 'c' as u32, mods),
+            Some(0x03)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_shift_does_not_generate_ctrl_seq() {
+        let shift = Mods {
+            shift: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "C", 'c' as u32, shift), None);
+        let both = Mods {
+            shift: true,
+            ctrl: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(ctrl_seq(Key::Unidentified, "C", 'c' as u32, both), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_russian_ctrl_c() {
+        assert_eq!(ctrl_seq(Key::KeyC, "с", 0x0441, ctrl()), Some(0x03));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_russian_shifted_ctrl_c() {
+        let mods = Mods {
+            ctrl: true,
+            shift: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(ctrl_seq(Key::KeyC, "с", 0x0441, mods), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_russian_alt_ctrl_c() {
+        let mods = Mods {
+            ctrl: true,
+            alt: true,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(ctrl_seq(Key::KeyC, "с", 0x0441, mods), Some(0x03));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ctrlseq_right_ctrl_c() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            ctrl_seq(Key::KeyC, "с", 'c' as u32, right_ctrl()),
+            Some(0x03)
+        );
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/key_mods.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,869 @@
+//! Key modifiers (ZIG/src/input/key_mods.zig).
+
+use crate::config::OptionAsAlt;
+
+/// Aliases for modifier names.
+pub const ALIAS: &[(&str, Mod)] = &[
+    ("cmd", Mod::Super),
+    ("command", Mod::Super),
+    ("opt", Mod::Alt),
+    ("option", Mod::Alt),
+    ("control", Mod::Ctrl),
+];
+
+/// Single modifier
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub enum Mod {
+    Shift,
+    Ctrl,
+    Alt,
+    Super,
+}
+
+impl Mod {
+    fn from_name(s: &str) -> Option<Mod> {
+        match s {
+            "shift" => Some(Mod::Shift),
+            "ctrl" => Some(Mod::Ctrl),
+            "alt" => Some(Mod::Alt),
+            "super" => Some(Mod::Super),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Which side of the keyboard a modifier is on (`Mod.Side`).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum ModSide {
+    #[default]
+    Left = 0,
+    Right = 1,
+}
+
+impl ModSide {
+    fn from_name(s: &str) -> Option<ModSide> {
+        match s {
+            "left" => Some(ModSide::Left),
+            "right" => Some(ModSide::Right),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The standard modifier keys only. Does not include the lock keys,
+/// only standard bindable keys. (`Mods.Keys`, a packed u4)
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+pub struct Keys {
+    pub shift: bool,
+    pub ctrl: bool,
+    pub alt: bool,
+    pub super_: bool,
+}
+
+impl Keys {
+    pub fn int(self) -> u8 {
+        u8::from(self.shift)
+            | u8::from(self.ctrl) << 1
+            | u8::from(self.alt) << 2
+            | u8::from(self.super_) << 3
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_int(v: u8) -> Keys {
+        Keys {
+            shift: v & 1 != 0,
+            ctrl: v & 2 != 0,
+            alt: v & 4 != 0,
+            super_: v & 8 != 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Tracks the side that is active for any given modifier. Note
+/// that this doesn't confirm a modifier is pressed; you must check
+/// the bool for that in addition to this. (`Mods.Side`, a packed u4)
+///
+/// Not all platforms support this, check apprt for more info.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+pub struct Side {
+    pub shift: ModSide,
+    pub ctrl: ModSide,
+    pub alt: ModSide,
+    pub super_: ModSide,
+}
+
+impl Side {
+    pub fn int(self) -> u8 {
+        self.shift as u8 | (self.ctrl as u8) << 1 | (self.alt as u8) << 2 | (self.super_ as u8) << 3
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_int(v: u8) -> Side {
+        let f = |b: u8| {
+            if v & b != 0 {
+                ModSide::Right
+            } else {
+                ModSide::Left
+            }
+        };
+        Side {
+            shift: f(1),
+            ctrl: f(2),
+            alt: f(4),
+            super_: f(8),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A bitmask for all key modifiers.
+///
+/// NOTE: Zig's field `super` is named `super_` here (`super` is a Rust
+/// keyword). The packed integer layout (u16) is available via `int()`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+pub struct Mods {
+    pub shift: bool,
+    pub ctrl: bool,
+    pub alt: bool,
+    pub super_: bool,
+    pub caps_lock: bool,
+    pub num_lock: bool,
+    pub sides: Side,
+}
+
+impl Mods {
+    /// The mask that has all the side bits set.
+    pub const SIDE_MASK: Mods = Mods {
+        shift: false,
+        ctrl: false,
+        alt: false,
+        super_: false,
+        caps_lock: false,
+        num_lock: false,
+        sides: Side {
+            shift: ModSide::Right,
+            ctrl: ModSide::Right,
+            alt: ModSide::Right,
+            super_: ModSide::Right,
+        },
+    };
+
+    /// Integer value of this struct.
+    pub fn int(self) -> u16 {
+        u16::from(self.keys().int())
+            | u16::from(self.caps_lock) << 4
+            | u16::from(self.num_lock) << 5
+            | u16::from(self.sides.int()) << 6
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_int(v: u16) -> Mods {
+        Mods {
+            shift: v & 1 != 0,
+            ctrl: v & 2 != 0,
+            alt: v & 4 != 0,
+            super_: v & 8 != 0,
+            caps_lock: v & 16 != 0,
+            num_lock: v & 32 != 0,
+            sides: Side::from_int(((v >> 6) & 0xF) as u8),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if no modifiers are set.
+    pub fn empty(self) -> bool {
+        self.int() == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if two mods are equal.
+    pub fn equal(self, other: Mods) -> bool {
+        self.int() == other.int()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns only the keys.
+    pub fn keys(self) -> Keys {
+        Keys {
+            shift: self.shift,
+            ctrl: self.ctrl,
+            alt: self.alt,
+            super_: self.super_,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return mods that are only relevant for bindings.
+    pub fn binding(self) -> Mods {
+        Mods {
+            shift: self.shift,
+            ctrl: self.ctrl,
+            alt: self.alt,
+            super_: self.super_,
+            ..Mods::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Perform `self &~ other` to remove the other mods from self.
+    pub fn unset(self, other: Mods) -> Mods {
+        Mods::from_int(self.int() & !other.int())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the mods without locks set.
+    pub fn without_locks(self) -> Mods {
+        let mut copy = self;
+        copy.caps_lock = false;
+        copy.num_lock = false;
+        copy
+    }
+
+    /// Return the mods to use for key translation. This handles settings
+    /// like macos-option-as-alt. The translation mods should be used for
+    /// translation but never sent back in for the key callback.
+    ///
+    /// Only macOS changes anything here; this port targets Linux so the
+    /// mods are returned unchanged.
+    pub fn translation(self, _option_as_alt: OptionAsAlt) -> Mods {
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Checks to see if super is on (MacOS) or ctrl.
+    pub fn ctrl_or_super(self) -> bool {
+        // Non-darwin target.
+        self.ctrl
+    }
+}
+
+/// Modifier remapping. See `key-remap` in Config.zig for detailed docs.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RemapSet {
+    /// Available mappings (insertion ordered, like an array hash map).
+    pub map: Vec<(Mods, Mods)>,
+
+    /// The mask of remapped modifiers that can be used to quickly
+    /// check if some input mods need remapping.
+    pub mask: Mask,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ParseError {
+    #[error("missing assignment")]
+    MissingAssignment,
+    #[error("invalid modifier")]
+    InvalidMod,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum ParseCliError {
+    #[error("invalid value")]
+    InvalidValue,
+}
+
+impl RemapSet {
+    pub const EMPTY: RemapSet = RemapSet {
+        map: Vec::new(),
+        mask: Mask {
+            keys: Keys {
+                shift: false,
+                ctrl: false,
+                alt: false,
+                super_: false,
+            },
+            left_sides: Side {
+                shift: ModSide::Left,
+                ctrl: ModSide::Left,
+                alt: ModSide::Left,
+                super_: ModSide::Left,
+            },
+            right_sides: Side {
+                shift: ModSide::Left,
+                ctrl: ModSide::Left,
+                alt: ModSide::Left,
+                super_: ModSide::Left,
+            },
+        },
+    };
+
+    fn put(&mut self, from: Mods, to: Mods) {
+        if let Some(e) = self.map.iter_mut().find(|e| e.0 == from) {
+            e.1 = to;
+        } else {
+            self.map.push((from, to));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Parse from CLI input. Required by Config.
+    pub fn parse_cli(&mut self, input: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ParseCliError> {
+        let value = input.unwrap_or("");
+
+        // Empty value resets the set
+        if value.is_empty() {
+            self.map.clear();
+            self.mask = Mask::default();
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        self.parse(value).map_err(|_| ParseCliError::InvalidValue)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse a modifier remap and add it to the set.
+    pub fn parse(&mut self, input: &str) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
+        // Find the assignment point ('=')
+        let eql_idx = input.find('=').ok_or(ParseError::MissingAssignment)?;
+
+        // The to side defaults to "left" if no explicit side is given.
+        // This is because this is the default unsided value provided by
+        // the apprts in the current Mods layout.
+        let to = {
+            let raw = parse_mod(&input[eql_idx + 1..])?;
+            init_mods(raw.0, raw.1.unwrap_or(ModSide::Left))
+        };
+
+        // The from side, if sided, is easy and we put it directly into
+        // the map.
+        let from_raw = parse_mod(&input[..eql_idx])?;
+        if let Some(from_side) = from_raw.1 {
+            let from = init_mods(from_raw.0, from_side);
+            self.put(from, to);
+            self.mask.update(from);
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // We need to do some combinatorial explosion here for unsided
+        // from in order to assign all possible sides.
+        let from_left = init_mods(from_raw.0, ModSide::Left);
+        let from_right = init_mods(from_raw.0, ModSide::Right);
+        self.put(from_left, to);
+        self.put(from_right, to);
+        self.mask.update(from_left);
+        self.mask.update(from_right);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Must be called prior to any remappings so that the mapping
+    /// is sorted properly. Otherwise, you will get invalid results.
+    pub fn finalize(&mut self) {
+        // Mods with any right sides prioritize. This mirrors the Zig
+        // comparator (which ignores `b`) driven by an insertion sort.
+        let side_mask = Mods::SIDE_MASK.int();
+        let less = |a: &Mods| a.int() & side_mask != 0;
+        for i in 1..self.map.len() {
+            let mut j = i;
+            while j > 0 && less(&self.map[j].0) {
+                self.map.swap(j, j - 1);
+                j -= 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Compare if two RemapSets are equal. Required by Config.
+    pub fn equal(&self, other: &RemapSet) -> bool {
+        if self.map.len() != other.map.len() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        self.map.iter().all(|(k, v)| {
+            other
+                .map
+                .iter()
+                .find(|(ok, _)| ok == k)
+                .is_some_and(|(_, ov)| v.equal(*ov))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Used by Formatter. Required by Config. Returns the values of each
+    /// `key-remap = ...` line to print. An empty vec means the formatter
+    /// should emit a single empty entry (`key-remap = `).
+    pub fn format_entries(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.map
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(from, to)| {
+                let mut s = String::new();
+                format_mod(&mut s, *from);
+                s.push('=');
+                format_mod(&mut s, *to);
+                s
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the given mods need remapping.
+    pub fn is_remapped(&self, mods: Mods) -> bool {
+        self.mask.matches(mods)
+    }
+
+    /// Apply a remap to the given mods.
+    pub fn apply(&self, mods: Mods) -> Mods {
+        if !self.is_remapped(mods) {
+            return mods;
+        }
+
+        let mods_binding = mods.keys().int();
+        let mods_sides = mods.sides.int();
+
+        for (from, to) in &self.map {
+            let from_binding = from.keys().int();
+            if mods_binding & from_binding != from_binding {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let from_sides = from.sides.int();
+            if (mods_sides ^ from_sides) & from_binding != 0 {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let mut mods_int = mods.int();
+            mods_int &= !from.int();
+            mods_int |= to.int();
+            return Mods::from_int(mods_int);
+        }
+
+        unreachable!("is_remapped true but no mapping matched")
+    }
+}
+
+fn format_mod(out: &mut String, mods: Mods) {
+    // Check which mod is set and format it with optional side prefix
+    let list = [
+        ("shift", mods.shift, mods.sides.shift),
+        ("ctrl", mods.ctrl, mods.sides.ctrl),
+        ("alt", mods.alt, mods.sides.alt),
+        ("super", mods.super_, mods.sides.super_),
+    ];
+    for (name, set, side) in list {
+        if set {
+            if side == ModSide::Right {
+                out.push_str("right_");
+            } else {
+                // Only write left_ if we need to distinguish
+                // For now, always write left_ if it's a sided mapping
+                out.push_str("left_");
+            }
+            out.push_str(name);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Parses a single mode in a single remapping string. E.g.
+/// `ctrl` or `left_shift`.
+fn parse_mod(input: &str) -> Result<(Mod, Option<ModSide>), ParseError> {
+    let (side_str, mod_str) = match input.find('_') {
+        Some(idx) => (&input[..idx], &input[idx + 1..]),
+        None => ("", input),
+    };
+
+    let m = match Mod::from_name(mod_str) {
+        Some(m) => m,
+        None => ALIAS
+            .iter()
+            .find(|p| p.0 == mod_str)
+            .map(|p| p.1)
+            .ok_or(ParseError::InvalidMod)?,
+    };
+
+    let side = if side_str.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(ModSide::from_name(side_str).ok_or(ParseError::InvalidMod)?)
+    };
+    Ok((m, side))
+}
+
+fn init_mods(m: Mod, side: ModSide) -> Mods {
+    let mut mods = Mods::default();
+    match m {
+        Mod::Shift => {
+            mods.shift = true;
+            mods.sides.shift = side;
+        }
+        Mod::Ctrl => {
+            mods.ctrl = true;
+            mods.sides.ctrl = side;
+        }
+        Mod::Alt => {
+            mods.alt = true;
+            mods.sides.alt = side;
+        }
+        Mod::Super => {
+            mods.super_ = true;
+            mods.sides.super_ = side;
+        }
+    }
+    mods
+}
+
+/// Tracks which modifier keys and sides have remappings registered.
+/// Used as a fast pre-check before doing expensive map lookups.
+///
+/// The mask uses separate tracking for left and right sides because
+/// remappings can be side-specific (e.g., only remap left_ctrl).
+///
+/// Note: `left_sides` uses inverted logic where 1 means "left is remapped"
+/// even though `ModSide::Left = 0`. This allows efficient bitwise matching
+/// since we can AND directly with the side bits.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
+pub struct Mask {
+    /// Which modifier keys (shift/ctrl/alt/super) have any remapping.
+    pub keys: Keys,
+    /// Which modifiers have left-side remappings (inverted: 1 = left remapped).
+    pub left_sides: Side,
+    /// Which modifiers have right-side remappings (1 = right remapped).
+    pub right_sides: Side,
+}
+
+impl Mask {
+    /// Adds a modifier to the mask, marking it as having a remapping.
+    pub fn update(&mut self, mods: Mods) {
+        let keys_int = mods.keys().int();
+
+        // OR the new keys into our existing keys mask.
+        self.keys = Keys::from_int(self.keys.int() | keys_int);
+
+        // Both Keys and Side are u4 with matching bit positions.
+        // This lets us use keys_int to select which side bits to update.
+        let sides = mods.sides.int();
+        let left_int = self.left_sides.int();
+        let right_int = self.right_sides.int();
+
+        // Update left_sides: set bit if this key is active AND side is left.
+        // Since Left=0, we invert sides so left becomes 1.
+        self.left_sides = Side::from_int(left_int | (keys_int & !sides));
+
+        // Update right_sides: set bit if this key is active AND side is right.
+        self.right_sides = Side::from_int(right_int | (keys_int & sides));
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the given mods match any remapping in this mask.
+    /// This is a fast check to avoid expensive map lookups when no
+    /// remapping could possibly apply.
+    ///
+    /// Checks both that the modifier key is remapped AND that the
+    /// specific side (left/right) being pressed has a remapping.
+    pub fn matches(&self, mods: Mods) -> bool {
+        // Find which pressed keys have remappings registered.
+        let active = mods.keys().int() & self.keys.int();
+        if active == 0 {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the pressed side matches a remapped side.
+        let sides = mods.sides.int();
+        let left_int = self.left_sides.int();
+        let right_int = self.right_sides.int();
+        let side_match = (!sides & left_int) | (sides & right_int);
+
+        // Final check: is any active (pressed + remapped) key also side-matched?
+        (active & side_match) != 0
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn m(f: impl FnOnce(&mut Mods)) -> Mods {
+        let mut x = Mods::default();
+        f(&mut x);
+        x
+    }
+
+    // For our own understanding
+    #[test]
+    fn mods_layout() {
+        assert_eq!(Mods::default().int(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            Mods {
+                shift: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }
+            .int(),
+            1
+        );
+        assert_eq!(Mods::from_int(Mods::SIDE_MASK.int()), Mods::SIDE_MASK);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn translation_macos_option_as_alt() {
+        // Darwin only upstream; on Linux it is the identity.
+        let mods = Mods {
+            alt: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(mods.translation(OptionAsAlt::True), mods);
+    }
+
+    fn left(k: &str) -> Mods {
+        match k {
+            "ctrl" => m(|x| x.ctrl = true),
+            "alt" => m(|x| x.alt = true),
+            "shift" => m(|x| x.shift = true),
+            _ => m(|x| x.super_ = true),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_unsided_remap_creates_both_left_and_right_mappings() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        let want = Mods {
+            super_: true,
+            sides: Side {
+                super_: ModSide::Left,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            want,
+            set.apply(Mods {
+                ctrl: true,
+                sides: Side {
+                    ctrl: ModSide::Left,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            want,
+            set.apply(Mods {
+                ctrl: true,
+                sides: Side {
+                    ctrl: ModSide::Right,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn sided(name: &str, side: ModSide) -> Mods {
+        init_mods(
+            match name {
+                "shift" => Mod::Shift,
+                "ctrl" => Mod::Ctrl,
+                "alt" => Mod::Alt,
+                _ => Mod::Super,
+            },
+            side,
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_sided_from_only_maps_that_side() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("left_alt=ctrl").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("ctrl", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("alt", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+        let right_alt = sided("alt", ModSide::Right);
+        assert_eq!(right_alt, set.apply(right_alt));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_sided_to() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("ctrl=right_super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("super", ModSide::Right),
+            set.apply(sided("ctrl", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_both_sides_specified() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("left_shift=right_ctrl").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("ctrl", ModSide::Right),
+            set.apply(sided("shift", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_multiple_parses_accumulate() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("left_ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        set.parse("left_alt=ctrl").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("super", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("ctrl", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("ctrl", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("alt", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_error_on_missing_assignment() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        assert_eq!(set.parse("ctrl"), Err(ParseError::MissingAssignment));
+        assert_eq!(set.parse(""), Err(ParseError::MissingAssignment));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_error_on_invalid_modifier() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        assert_eq!(set.parse("invalid=ctrl"), Err(ParseError::InvalidMod));
+        assert_eq!(set.parse("ctrl=invalid"), Err(ParseError::InvalidMod));
+        assert_eq!(set.parse("middle_ctrl=super"), Err(ParseError::InvalidMod));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_is_remapped_checks_mask() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert!(set.is_remapped(left("ctrl")));
+        assert!(!set.is_remapped(left("alt")));
+        assert!(!set.is_remapped(left("shift")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_clone_creates_independent_copy() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        let cloned = set.clone();
+        assert!(set.equal(&cloned));
+        assert!(cloned.is_remapped(left("ctrl")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_equal_compares_correctly() {
+        let mut set1 = RemapSet::default();
+        let mut set2 = RemapSet::default();
+        assert!(set1.equal(&set2));
+        set1.parse("ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        assert!(!set1.equal(&set2));
+        set2.parse("ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        assert!(set1.equal(&set2));
+        set1.parse("alt=shift").unwrap();
+        assert!(!set1.equal(&set2));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_cli_basic() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse_cli(Some("ctrl=super")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(set.map.len(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_cli_empty_clears() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse_cli(Some("ctrl=super")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(set.map.len(), 2);
+        set.parse_cli(Some("")).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(set.map.len(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_cli_invalid() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        assert_eq!(
+            set.parse_cli(Some("foo=bar")),
+            Err(ParseCliError::InvalidValue)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            set.parse_cli(Some("ctrl")),
+            Err(ParseCliError::InvalidValue)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_aliased_modifiers() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("cmd=ctrl").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("ctrl", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("super", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_aliased_modifiers_command() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("command=alt").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("alt", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("super", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_aliased_modifiers_opt_and_option() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("opt=super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("super", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("alt", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("option=shift").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("shift", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("alt", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_aliased_modifiers_control() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("control=super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("super", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("ctrl", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_parse_aliased_modifiers_on_target_side() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("alt=cmd").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(
+            sided("super", ModSide::Left),
+            set.apply(sided("alt", ModSide::Left))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_format_entry_empty() {
+        // The `key-remap = \n` rendering is done by the config formatter;
+        // here an empty set yields no entries.
+        assert_eq!(RemapSet::default().format_entries(), Vec::<String>::new());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_format_entry_single_sided() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("left_ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(set.format_entries(), vec!["left_ctrl=left_super"]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_format_entry_unsided_creates_two_entries() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("ctrl=super").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        let w = set.format_entries();
+        assert!(w.contains(&"left_ctrl=left_super".to_string()));
+        assert!(w.contains(&"right_ctrl=left_super".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remap_set_format_entry_right_sided() {
+        let mut set = RemapSet::default();
+        set.parse("left_alt=right_ctrl").unwrap();
+        set.finalize();
+        assert_eq!(set.format_entries(), vec!["left_alt=right_ctrl"]);
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/keyboard.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//! Keyboard layouts (ZIG/src/input/keyboard.zig).
+
+use crate::config::OptionAsAlt;
+
+/// Keyboard layouts.
+///
+/// These aren't heavily used in Ghostty and having a fully comprehensive
+/// list is not important. We only need to distinguish between a few
+/// different layouts for some nice-to-have features, such as setting a default
+/// value for "macos-option-as-alt".
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Layout {
+    /// Unknown, unmapped layout. Ghostty should not make any assumptions
+    /// about the layout of the keyboard.
+    Unknown,
+
+    // The remaining should be fairly self-explanatory:
+    UsStandard,
+    UsInternational,
+}
+
+impl Layout {
+    /// Map an Apple keyboard layout ID to a value in this enum. The layout
+    /// ID can be retrieved using Carbon's TIKeyboardLayoutGetInputSourceProperty
+    /// function.
+    ///
+    /// Even though our layout supports "unknown", we return None if we don't
+    /// recognize the layout ID so callers can detect this scenario.
+    pub fn map_apple_id(id: &str) -> Option<Layout> {
+        match id {
+            "com.apple.keylayout.US" => Some(Layout::UsStandard),
+            "com.apple.keylayout.USInternational" => Some(Layout::UsInternational),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the default macos-option-as-alt value for this layout.
+    ///
+    /// We apply some heuristics to change the default based on the keyboard
+    /// layout if "macos-option-as-alt" is unset. We do this because on some
+    /// keyboard layouts such as US standard layouts, users generally expect
+    /// an input such as option-b to map to alt-b but macOS by default will
+    /// convert it to the codepoint "∫".
+    ///
+    /// This behavior however is desired on international layout where the
+    /// option key is used for important, regularly used inputs.
+    pub fn detect_option_as_alt(self) -> OptionAsAlt {
+        match self {
+            // On US standard, the option key is typically used as alt
+            // and not as a modifier for other codepoints. For example,
+            // option-B = ∫ but usually the user wants alt-B.
+            Layout::UsStandard | Layout::UsInternational => OptionAsAlt::True,
+            Layout::Unknown => OptionAsAlt::False,
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/keycodes.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,697 @@
+// Based on the Chromium source. The Chromium source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+// https://source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:ui/events/keycodes/dom/dom_code_data.inc
+
+//! Keycode table mapping USB/evdev/XKB/Windows/Mac codes to W3C DOM codes
+//! (ZIG/src/input/keycodes.zig). The table is data-driven.
+
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
+
+use crate::key::Key;
+
+/// Entry contains the USB code, native keycode, and W3C dom code for
+/// the current platform.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Entry {
+    /// input key enum
+    pub key: Key,
+    /// USB HID usage code
+    pub usb: u32,
+    /// Native keycode
+    pub native: u32,
+    /// W3C DOM code, static memory
+    pub code: &'static str,
+}
+
+/// The full list of entries for the current platform (Linux: XKB codes).
+pub fn entries() -> &'static [Entry] {
+    static ENTRIES: OnceLock<Vec<Entry>> = OnceLock::new();
+    ENTRIES.get_or_init(|| {
+        // Linux/FreeBSD use the xkb column (index 2).
+        RAW_ENTRIES
+            .iter()
+            .map(|raw| Entry {
+                key: code_to_key(raw.5).unwrap_or(Key::Unidentified),
+                usb: raw.0,
+                code: raw.5,
+                native: raw.2,
+            })
+            .collect()
+    })
+}
+
+/// A map from code to key. This isn't meant to be used at runtime
+/// (though it could), so it isn't exported. It it used to build the
+/// key value for Entry.
+fn code_to_key(code: &str) -> Option<Key> {
+    CODE_TO_KEY.iter().find(|e| e.0 == code).map(|e| e.1)
+}
+
+const CODE_TO_KEY: &[(&str, Key)] = &[
+    ("KeyA", Key::KeyA),
+    ("KeyB", Key::KeyB),
+    ("KeyC", Key::KeyC),
+    ("KeyD", Key::KeyD),
+    ("KeyE", Key::KeyE),
+    ("KeyF", Key::KeyF),
+    ("KeyG", Key::KeyG),
+    ("KeyH", Key::KeyH),
+    ("KeyI", Key::KeyI),
+    ("KeyJ", Key::KeyJ),
+    ("KeyK", Key::KeyK),
+    ("KeyL", Key::KeyL),
+    ("KeyM", Key::KeyM),
+    ("KeyN", Key::KeyN),
+    ("KeyO", Key::KeyO),
+    ("KeyP", Key::KeyP),
+    ("KeyQ", Key::KeyQ),
+    ("KeyR", Key::KeyR),
+    ("KeyS", Key::KeyS),
+    ("KeyT", Key::KeyT),
+    ("KeyU", Key::KeyU),
+    ("KeyV", Key::KeyV),
+    ("KeyW", Key::KeyW),
+    ("KeyX", Key::KeyX),
+    ("KeyY", Key::KeyY),
+    ("KeyZ", Key::KeyZ),
+    ("Digit1", Key::Digit1),
+    ("Digit2", Key::Digit2),
+    ("Digit3", Key::Digit3),
+    ("Digit4", Key::Digit4),
+    ("Digit5", Key::Digit5),
+    ("Digit6", Key::Digit6),
+    ("Digit7", Key::Digit7),
+    ("Digit8", Key::Digit8),
+    ("Digit9", Key::Digit9),
+    ("Digit0", Key::Digit0),
+    ("Enter", Key::Enter),
+    ("Escape", Key::Escape),
+    ("Backspace", Key::Backspace),
+    ("Tab", Key::Tab),
+    ("Space", Key::Space),
+    ("Minus", Key::Minus),
+    ("Equal", Key::Equal),
+    ("BracketLeft", Key::BracketLeft),
+    ("BracketRight", Key::BracketRight),
+    ("Backslash", Key::Backslash),
+    ("Semicolon", Key::Semicolon),
+    ("Quote", Key::Quote),
+    ("Backquote", Key::Backquote),
+    ("Comma", Key::Comma),
+    ("Period", Key::Period),
+    ("Slash", Key::Slash),
+    ("CapsLock", Key::CapsLock),
+    ("F1", Key::F1),
+    ("F2", Key::F2),
+    ("F3", Key::F3),
+    ("F4", Key::F4),
+    ("F5", Key::F5),
+    ("F6", Key::F6),
+    ("F7", Key::F7),
+    ("F8", Key::F8),
+    ("F9", Key::F9),
+    ("F10", Key::F10),
+    ("F11", Key::F11),
+    ("F12", Key::F12),
+    ("F13", Key::F13),
+    ("F14", Key::F14),
+    ("F15", Key::F15),
+    ("F16", Key::F16),
+    ("F17", Key::F17),
+    ("F18", Key::F18),
+    ("F19", Key::F19),
+    ("F20", Key::F20),
+    ("F21", Key::F21),
+    ("F22", Key::F22),
+    ("F23", Key::F23),
+    ("F24", Key::F24),
+    ("PrintScreen", Key::PrintScreen),
+    ("ScrollLock", Key::ScrollLock),
+    ("Pause", Key::Pause),
+    ("Insert", Key::Insert),
+    ("Home", Key::Home),
+    ("PageUp", Key::PageUp),
+    ("Delete", Key::Delete),
+    ("End", Key::End),
+    ("Copy", Key::Copy),
+    ("Cut", Key::Cut),
+    ("Paste", Key::Paste),
+    ("PageDown", Key::PageDown),
+    ("ArrowRight", Key::ArrowRight),
+    ("ArrowLeft", Key::ArrowLeft),
+    ("ArrowDown", Key::ArrowDown),
+    ("ArrowUp", Key::ArrowUp),
+    ("NumLock", Key::NumLock),
+    ("NumpadDivide", Key::NumpadDivide),
+    ("NumpadMultiply", Key::NumpadMultiply),
+    ("NumpadSubtract", Key::NumpadSubtract),
+    ("NumpadAdd", Key::NumpadAdd),
+    ("NumpadEnter", Key::NumpadEnter),
+    ("Numpad1", Key::Numpad1),
+    ("Numpad2", Key::Numpad2),
+    ("Numpad3", Key::Numpad3),
+    ("Numpad4", Key::Numpad4),
+    ("Numpad5", Key::Numpad5),
+    ("Numpad6", Key::Numpad6),
+    ("Numpad7", Key::Numpad7),
+    ("Numpad8", Key::Numpad8),
+    ("Numpad9", Key::Numpad9),
+    ("Numpad0", Key::Numpad0),
+    ("NumpadDecimal", Key::NumpadDecimal),
+    ("NumpadEqual", Key::NumpadEqual),
+    ("ContextMenu", Key::ContextMenu),
+    ("ControlLeft", Key::ControlLeft),
+    ("ShiftLeft", Key::ShiftLeft),
+    ("AltLeft", Key::AltLeft),
+    ("MetaLeft", Key::MetaLeft),
+    ("ControlRight", Key::ControlRight),
+    ("ShiftRight", Key::ShiftRight),
+    ("AltRight", Key::AltRight),
+    ("MetaRight", Key::MetaRight),
+];
+
+/// The codes for the table from the Chromium data set. These are ALL the
+/// codes, not just the ones that are supported by the current platform.
+/// These are `pub` but you shouldn't use this because it uses way more
+/// memory than is necessary.
+///
+/// The format is: usb, evdev, xkb, win, mac, code
+pub type RawEntry = (u32, u32, u32, u32, u32, &'static str);
+
+/// All of the full entries. This is marked pub but it should NOT be referenced
+/// directly because it contains too much data for normal usage. Use `entries`
+/// instead which contains just the relevant data for the target platform.
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+pub const RAW_ENTRIES: &[RawEntry] = &[
+    //   USB     evdev    XKB     Win     Mac   Code
+    (0x000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+
+    // =========================================
+    // Non-USB codes
+    // =========================================
+
+    //   USB     evdev    XKB     Win     Mac   Code
+    (0x000010, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Hyper"),
+    (0x000011, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Super"),
+    (0x000012, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Fn"),
+    (0x000013, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "FnLock"),
+    (0x000014, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Suspend"),
+    (0x000015, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Resume"),
+    (0x000016, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Turbo"),
+
+    // =========================================
+    // USB Usage Page 0x01: Generic Desktop Page
+    // =========================================
+
+    // Sleep could be encoded as USB#0c0032, but there's no corresponding WakeUp
+    // in the 0x0c USB page.
+    //   USB     evdev    XKB     Win     Mac
+    (0x010082, 0x008e, 0x0096, 0xe05f, 0xffff, "Sleep"),
+    (0x010083, 0x008f, 0x0097, 0xe063, 0xffff, "WakeUp"),
+    (0x0100a9, 0x00f8, 0x0100, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0100b5, 0x00e3, 0x00eb, 0x0000, 0xffff, "DisplayToggleIntExt"),
+
+    // =========================================
+    // USB Usage Page 0x07: Keyboard/Keypad Page
+    // =========================================
+
+    // TODO(garykac):
+    // XKB#005c ISO Level3 Shift (AltGr)
+    // XKB#005e <>||
+    // XKB#006d Linefeed
+    // XKB#008a SunProps cf. USB#0700a3 CrSel/Props
+    // XKB#008e SunOpen
+    // Mac#003f kVK_Function
+    // Mac#000a kVK_ISO_Section (ISO keyboards only)
+    // Mac#0066 kVK_JIS_Eisu (USB#07008a Henkan?)
+
+    //   USB     evdev    XKB     Win     Mac
+    (0x070000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x070001, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x00ff, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x070002, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x00fc, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x070003, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x070004, 0x001e, 0x0026, 0x001e, 0x0000, "KeyA"),
+    (0x070005, 0x0030, 0x0038, 0x0030, 0x000b, "KeyB"),
+    (0x070006, 0x002e, 0x0036, 0x002e, 0x0008, "KeyC"),
+    (0x070007, 0x0020, 0x0028, 0x0020, 0x0002, "KeyD"),
+
+    (0x070008, 0x0012, 0x001a, 0x0012, 0x000e, "KeyE"),
+    (0x070009, 0x0021, 0x0029, 0x0021, 0x0003, "KeyF"),
+    (0x07000a, 0x0022, 0x002a, 0x0022, 0x0005, "KeyG"),
+    (0x07000b, 0x0023, 0x002b, 0x0023, 0x0004, "KeyH"),
+    (0x07000c, 0x0017, 0x001f, 0x0017, 0x0022, "KeyI"),
+    (0x07000d, 0x0024, 0x002c, 0x0024, 0x0026, "KeyJ"),
+    (0x07000e, 0x0025, 0x002d, 0x0025, 0x0028, "KeyK"),
+    (0x07000f, 0x0026, 0x002e, 0x0026, 0x0025, "KeyL"),
+
+    (0x070010, 0x0032, 0x003a, 0x0032, 0x002e, "KeyM"),
+    (0x070011, 0x0031, 0x0039, 0x0031, 0x002d, "KeyN"),
+    (0x070012, 0x0018, 0x0020, 0x0018, 0x001f, "KeyO"),
+    (0x070013, 0x0019, 0x0021, 0x0019, 0x0023, "KeyP"),
+    (0x070014, 0x0010, 0x0018, 0x0010, 0x000c, "KeyQ"),
+    (0x070015, 0x0013, 0x001b, 0x0013, 0x000f, "KeyR"),
+    (0x070016, 0x001f, 0x0027, 0x001f, 0x0001, "KeyS"),
+    (0x070017, 0x0014, 0x001c, 0x0014, 0x0011, "KeyT"),
+
+    (0x070018, 0x0016, 0x001e, 0x0016, 0x0020, "KeyU"),
+    (0x070019, 0x002f, 0x0037, 0x002f, 0x0009, "KeyV"),
+    (0x07001a, 0x0011, 0x0019, 0x0011, 0x000d, "KeyW"),
+    (0x07001b, 0x002d, 0x0035, 0x002d, 0x0007, "KeyX"),
+    (0x07001c, 0x0015, 0x001d, 0x0015, 0x0010, "KeyY"),
+    (0x07001d, 0x002c, 0x0034, 0x002c, 0x0006, "KeyZ"),
+    (0x07001e, 0x0002, 0x000a, 0x0002, 0x0012, "Digit1"),
+    (0x07001f, 0x0003, 0x000b, 0x0003, 0x0013, "Digit2"),
+
+    (0x070020, 0x0004, 0x000c, 0x0004, 0x0014, "Digit3"),
+    (0x070021, 0x0005, 0x000d, 0x0005, 0x0015, "Digit4"),
+    (0x070022, 0x0006, 0x000e, 0x0006, 0x0017, "Digit5"),
+    (0x070023, 0x0007, 0x000f, 0x0007, 0x0016, "Digit6"),
+    (0x070024, 0x0008, 0x0010, 0x0008, 0x001a, "Digit7"),
+    (0x070025, 0x0009, 0x0011, 0x0009, 0x001c, "Digit8"),
+    (0x070026, 0x000a, 0x0012, 0x000a, 0x0019, "Digit9"),
+    (0x070027, 0x000b, 0x0013, 0x000b, 0x001d, "Digit0"),
+
+    (0x070028, 0x001c, 0x0024, 0x001c, 0x0024, "Enter"),
+    (0x070029, 0x0001, 0x0009, 0x0001, 0x0035, "Escape"),
+    (0x07002a, 0x000e, 0x0016, 0x000e, 0x0033, "Backspace"),
+    (0x07002b, 0x000f, 0x0017, 0x000f, 0x0030, "Tab"),
+    (0x07002c, 0x0039, 0x0041, 0x0039, 0x0031, "Space"),
+    (0x07002d, 0x000c, 0x0014, 0x000c, 0x001b, "Minus"),
+    (0x07002e, 0x000d, 0x0015, 0x000d, 0x0018, "Equal"),
+    (0x07002f, 0x001a, 0x0022, 0x001a, 0x0021, "BracketLeft"),
+
+    (0x070030, 0x001b, 0x0023, 0x001b, 0x001e, "BracketRight"),
+    (0x070031, 0x002b, 0x0033, 0x002b, 0x002a, "Backslash"),
+    // USB#070032 never appears on keyboards that have USB#070031.
+    // Platforms use the same scancode as for the two keys.
+    // Hence this code can only be generated synthetically
+    // (e.g. in a DOM Level 3 KeyboardEvent).
+    // The keycap varies on international keyboards:
+    //   Dan: '*  Dutch: <>  Ger: #'  UK: #~
+    // TODO(garykac): Verify Mac intl keyboard.
+    // .{ 0x070032, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x070033, 0x0027, 0x002f, 0x0027, 0x0029, "Semicolon"),
+    (0x070034, 0x0028, 0x0030, 0x0028, 0x0027, "Quote"),
+    (0x070035, 0x0029, 0x0031, 0x0029, 0x0032, "Backquote"),
+    (0x070036, 0x0033, 0x003b, 0x0033, 0x002b, "Comma"),
+    (0x070037, 0x0034, 0x003c, 0x0034, 0x002f, "Period"),
+
+    (0x070038, 0x0035, 0x003d, 0x0035, 0x002c, "Slash"),
+    // TODO(garykac): CapsLock requires special handling for each platform.
+    (0x070039, 0x003a, 0x0042, 0x003a, 0x0039, "CapsLock"),
+    (0x07003a, 0x003b, 0x0043, 0x003b, 0x007a, "F1"),
+    (0x07003b, 0x003c, 0x0044, 0x003c, 0x0078, "F2"),
+    (0x07003c, 0x003d, 0x0045, 0x003d, 0x0063, "F3"),
+    (0x07003d, 0x003e, 0x0046, 0x003e, 0x0076, "F4"),
+    (0x07003e, 0x003f, 0x0047, 0x003f, 0x0060, "F5"),
+    (0x07003f, 0x0040, 0x0048, 0x0040, 0x0061, "F6"),
+
+    (0x070040, 0x0041, 0x0049, 0x0041, 0x0062, "F7"),
+    (0x070041, 0x0042, 0x004a, 0x0042, 0x0064, "F8"),
+    (0x070042, 0x0043, 0x004b, 0x0043, 0x0065, "F9"),
+    (0x070043, 0x0044, 0x004c, 0x0044, 0x006d, "F10"),
+    (0x070044, 0x0057, 0x005f, 0x0057, 0x0067, "F11"),
+    (0x070045, 0x0058, 0x0060, 0x0058, 0x006f, "F12"),
+    // PrintScreen is effectively F13 on Mac OS X.
+    (0x070046, 0x0063, 0x006b, 0xe037, 0xffff, "PrintScreen"),
+    (0x070047, 0x0046, 0x004e, 0x0046, 0xffff, "ScrollLock"),
+
+    (0x070048, 0x0077, 0x007f, 0x0045, 0xffff, "Pause"),
+    // USB#0x070049 Insert, labeled "Help/Insert" on Mac -- see note M1 at top.
+    (0x070049, 0x006e, 0x0076, 0xe052, 0x0072, "Insert"),
+    (0x07004a, 0x0066, 0x006e, 0xe047, 0x0073, "Home"),
+    (0x07004b, 0x0068, 0x0070, 0xe049, 0x0074, "PageUp"),
+    // Delete (Forward Delete) named DEL because DELETE conflicts with <windows.h>
+    (0x07004c, 0x006f, 0x0077, 0xe053, 0x0075, "Delete"),
+    (0x07004d, 0x006b, 0x0073, 0xe04f, 0x0077, "End"),
+    (0x07004e, 0x006d, 0x0075, 0xe051, 0x0079, "PageDown"),
+    (0x07004f, 0x006a, 0x0072, 0xe04d, 0x007c, "ArrowRight"),
+
+    (0x070050, 0x0069, 0x0071, 0xe04b, 0x007b, "ArrowLeft"),
+    (0x070051, 0x006c, 0x0074, 0xe050, 0x007d, "ArrowDown"),
+    (0x070052, 0x0067, 0x006f, 0xe048, 0x007e, "ArrowUp"),
+    (0x070053, 0x0045, 0x004d, 0xe045, 0x0047, "NumLock"),
+    (0x070054, 0x0062, 0x006a, 0xe035, 0x004b, "NumpadDivide"),
+    (0x070055, 0x0037, 0x003f, 0x0037, 0x0043, "NumpadMultiply"),
+    (0x070056, 0x004a, 0x0052, 0x004a, 0x004e, "NumpadSubtract"),
+    (0x070057, 0x004e, 0x0056, 0x004e, 0x0045, "NumpadAdd"),
+
+    (0x070058, 0x0060, 0x0068, 0xe01c, 0x004c, "NumpadEnter"),
+    (0x070059, 0x004f, 0x0057, 0x004f, 0x0053, "Numpad1"), // +End
+    (0x07005a, 0x0050, 0x0058, 0x0050, 0x0054, "Numpad2"), // +Down
+    (0x07005b, 0x0051, 0x0059, 0x0051, 0x0055, "Numpad3"), // +PageDown
+    (0x07005c, 0x004b, 0x0053, 0x004b, 0x0056, "Numpad4"), // +Left
+    (0x07005d, 0x004c, 0x0054, 0x004c, 0x0057, "Numpad5"),
+    (0x07005e, 0x004d, 0x0055, 0x004d, 0x0058, "Numpad6"), // +Right
+    (0x07005f, 0x0047, 0x004f, 0x0047, 0x0059, "Numpad7"), // +Home
+    (0x070060, 0x0048, 0x0050, 0x0048, 0x005b, "Numpad8"), // +Up
+    (0x070061, 0x0049, 0x0051, 0x0049, 0x005c, "Numpad9"), // +PageUp
+    (0x070062, 0x0052, 0x005a, 0x0052, 0x0052, "Numpad0"), // +Insert
+    (0x070063, 0x0053, 0x005b, 0x0053, 0x0041, "NumpadDecimal"), // +Delete
+    // USB#070064 is not present on US keyboard.
+    // This key is typically located near LeftShift key.
+    // The keycap varies on international keyboards:
+    //   Dan: <> Dutch: ][ Ger: <> UK: \|
+    (0x070064, 0x0056, 0x005e, 0x0056, 0x000a, "IntlBackslash"),
+    // USB#0x070065 Application Menu (next to RWin key) -- see note L2 at top.
+    (0x070065, 0x007f, 0x0087, 0xe05d, 0x006e, "ContextMenu"),
+    (0x070066, 0x0074, 0x007c, 0xe05e, 0xffff, "Power"),
+    (0x070067, 0x0075, 0x007d, 0x0059, 0x0051, "NumpadEqual"),
+
+    (0x070068, 0x00b7, 0x00bf, 0x0064, 0x0069, "F13"),
+    (0x070069, 0x00b8, 0x00c0, 0x0065, 0x006b, "F14"),
+    (0x07006a, 0x00b9, 0x00c1, 0x0066, 0x0071, "F15"),
+    (0x07006b, 0x00ba, 0x00c2, 0x0067, 0x006a, "F16"),
+    (0x07006c, 0x00bb, 0x00c3, 0x0068, 0x0040, "F17"),
+    (0x07006d, 0x00bc, 0x00c4, 0x0069, 0x004f, "F18"),
+    (0x07006e, 0x00bd, 0x00c5, 0x006a, 0x0050, "F19"),
+    (0x07006f, 0x00be, 0x00c6, 0x006b, 0x005a, "F20"),
+
+    (0x070070, 0x00bf, 0x00c7, 0x006c, 0xffff, "F21"),
+    (0x070071, 0x00c0, 0x00c8, 0x006d, 0xffff, "F22"),
+    (0x070072, 0x00c1, 0x00c9, 0x006e, 0xffff, "F23"),
+    // USB#0x070073 -- see note W1 at top.
+    (0x070073, 0x00c2, 0x00ca, 0x0076, 0xffff, "F24"),
+    (0x070074, 0x0086, 0x008e, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Open"),
+    // USB#0x070075 Help -- see note M1 at top.
+    (0x070075, 0x008a, 0x0092, 0xe03b, 0xffff, "Help"),
+    // USB#0x070076 Keyboard Menu -- see note L2 at top.
+    // .{ 0x070076, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x070077, 0x0084, 0x008c, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Select"),
+
+    // .{ 0x070078, 0x0080, 0x0088, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x070079, 0x0081, 0x0089, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Again"),
+    (0x07007a, 0x0083, 0x008b, 0xe008, 0xffff, "Undo"),
+    (0x07007b, 0x0089, 0x0091, 0xe017, 0xffff, "Cut"),
+    (0x07007c, 0x0085, 0x008d, 0xe018, 0xffff, "Copy"),
+    (0x07007d, 0x0087, 0x008f, 0xe00a, 0xffff, "Paste"),
+    (0x07007e, 0x0088, 0x0090, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Find"),
+    (0x07007f, 0x0071, 0x0079, 0xe020, 0x004a, "AudioVolumeMute"),
+
+    (0x070080, 0x0073, 0x007b, 0xe030, 0x0048, "AudioVolumeUp"),
+    (0x070081, 0x0072, 0x007a, 0xe02e, 0x0049, "AudioVolumeDown"),
+    // .{ 0x070082, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x070083, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x070084, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x070085, 0x0079, 0x0081, 0x007e, 0x005f, "NumpadComma"),
+
+    // International1
+    // USB#070086 is used on AS/400 keyboards. Standard Keypad_= is USB#070067.
+    // .{ 0x070086, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // USB#070087 is used for Brazilian /? and Japanese _ 'ro'.
+    (0x070087, 0x0059, 0x0061, 0x0073, 0x005e, "IntlRo"),
+    // International2
+    // USB#070088 is used as Japanese Hiragana/Katakana key.
+    (0x070088, 0x005d, 0x0065, 0x0070, 0xffff, "KanaMode"),
+    // International3
+    // USB#070089 is used as Japanese Yen key.
+    (0x070089, 0x007c, 0x0084, 0x007d, 0x005d, "IntlYen"),
+    // International4
+    // USB#07008a is used as Japanese Henkan (Convert) key.
+    (0x07008a, 0x005c, 0x0064, 0x0079, 0xffff, "Convert"),
+    // International5
+    // USB#07008b is used as Japanese Muhenkan (No-convert) key.
+    (0x07008b, 0x005e, 0x0066, 0x007b, 0xffff, "NonConvert"),
+    // .{ 0x07008c, 0x005f, 0x0067, 0x005c, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x07008d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x07008e, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x07008f, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    // LANG1
+    // USB#070090 is used as Korean Hangul/English toggle key, and as the Kana key
+    // on the Apple Japanese keyboard.
+    (0x070090, 0x007a, 0x0082, 0x0072, 0x0068, "Lang1"),
+    // LANG2
+    // USB#070091 is used as Korean Hanja conversion key, and as the Eisu key on
+    // the Apple Japanese keyboard.
+    (0x070091, 0x007b, 0x0083, 0x0071, 0x0066, "Lang2"),
+    // LANG3
+    // USB#070092 is used as Japanese Katakana key.
+    (0x070092, 0x005a, 0x0062, 0x0078, 0xffff, "Lang3"),
+    // LANG4
+    // USB#070093 is used as Japanese Hiragana key.
+    (0x070093, 0x005b, 0x0063, 0x0077, 0xffff, "Lang4"),
+    // LANG5
+    // USB#070094 is used as Japanese Zenkaku/Hankaku (Fullwidth/halfwidth) key.
+    // Not mapped on Windows -- see note W1 at top.
+    (0x070094, 0x0055, 0x005d, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Lang5"),
+    // .{ 0x070095, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x070096, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x070097, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x070098, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    // .{ 0x070099, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x07009a, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x07009b, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Abort"),
+    // USB#0x07009c Keyboard Clear -- see note L1 at top.
+    // .{ 0x07009c, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x07009d, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x07009e, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x07009f, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    // .{ 0x0700a0, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700a1, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700a2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // USB#0x0700a3 Props -- see note L2 at top.
+    (0x0700a3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "Props"),
+    // .{ 0x0700a4, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    // .{ 0x0700b0, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700b1, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700b2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700b3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700b4, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700b5, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x0700b6, 0x00b3, 0x00bb, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadParenLeft"),
+    (0x0700b7, 0x00b4, 0x00bc, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadParenRight"),
+
+    // .{ 0x0700b8, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700b9, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700ba, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x0700bb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadBackspace"),
+    // .{ 0x0700bc, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700bd, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700be, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700bf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    // .{ 0x0700c0, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c1, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c4, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c5, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c6, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c7, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    // .{ 0x0700c8, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700c9, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700ca, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    //           NUMPAD_DOUBLE_VERTICAL_BAR),  // Keypad_||
+    // .{ 0x0700cb, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700cc, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700cd, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700ce, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700cf, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    (0x0700d0, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadMemoryStore"),
+    (0x0700d1, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadMemoryRecall"),
+    (0x0700d2, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadMemoryClear"),
+    (0x0700d3, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadMemoryAdd"),
+    (0x0700d4, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadMemorySubtract"),
+    // .{ 0x0700d5, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700d6, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x0700d7, 0x0076, 0x007e, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0700d8 Keypad Clear -- see note L1 at top.
+    (0x0700d8, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadClear"),
+    (0x0700d9, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, "NumpadClearEntry"),
+    // .{ 0x0700da, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700db, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700dc, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0700dd, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+
+    // USB#0700de - #0700df are reserved.
+    (0x0700e0, 0x001d, 0x0025, 0x001d, 0x003b, "ControlLeft"),
+    (0x0700e1, 0x002a, 0x0032, 0x002a, 0x0038, "ShiftLeft"),
+    // USB#0700e2: left Alt key (Mac left Option key).
+    (0x0700e2, 0x0038, 0x0040, 0x0038, 0x003a, "AltLeft"),
+    // USB#0700e3: left GUI key, e.g. Windows, Mac Command, ChromeOS Search.
+    (0x0700e3, 0x007d, 0x0085, 0xe05b, 0x0037, "MetaLeft"),
+    (0x0700e4, 0x0061, 0x0069, 0xe01d, 0x003e, "ControlRight"),
+    (0x0700e5, 0x0036, 0x003e, 0x0036, 0x003c, "ShiftRight"),
+    // USB#0700e6: right Alt key (Mac right Option key).
+    (0x0700e6, 0x0064, 0x006c, 0xe038, 0x003d, "AltRight"),
+    // USB#0700e7: right GUI key, e.g. Windows, Mac Command, ChromeOS Search.
+    (0x0700e7, 0x007e, 0x0086, 0xe05c, 0x0036, "MetaRight"),
+
+    // USB#0700e8 - #07ffff are reserved
+
+    // ==================================
+    // USB Usage Page 0x0c: Consumer Page
+    // ==================================
+    // AL = Application Launch
+    // AC = Application Control
+
+    // TODO(garykac): Many XF86 keys have multiple scancodes mapping to them.
+    // We need to map all of these into a canonical USB scancode without
+    // confusing the reverse-lookup - most likely by simply returning the first
+    // found match.
+
+    // TODO(garykac): Find appropriate mappings for:
+    // Win#e03c Music - USB#0c0193 is AL_AVCapturePlayback
+    // Win#e064 Pictures
+    // XKB#0080 XF86LaunchA
+    // XKB#0099 XF86Send
+    // XKB#009b XF86Xfer
+    // XKB#009c XF86Launch1
+    // XKB#009d XF86Launch2
+    // XKB... remaining XF86 keys
+
+    // KEY_BRIGHTNESS* added in Linux 3.16
+    // http://www.usb.org/developers/hidpage/HUTRR41.pdf
+    //
+    // Keyboard backlight/illumination spec update.
+    // https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/hutrr73_-_fn_key_and_keyboard_backlight_brightness_0.pdf
+    //   USB     evdev    XKB     Win     Mac   Code
+    (0x0c0060, 0x0166, 0x016e, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0061, 0x0172, 0x017a, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c006f, 0x00e1, 0x00e9, 0x0000, 0xffff, "BrightnessUp"),
+    (0x0c0070, 0x00e0, 0x00e8, 0x0000, 0xffff, "BrightnessDown"),
+    (0x0c0072, 0x01af, 0x01b7, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0073, 0x0250, 0x0258, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0074, 0x0251, 0x0259, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0075, 0x00f4, 0x00fc, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0079, 0x00e6, 0x00ee, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c007a, 0x00e5, 0x00ed, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c007c, 0x00e4, 0x00ec, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0083, 0x0195, 0x019d, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c008c, 0x00a9, 0x00b1, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c008d, 0x016a, 0x0172, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0094, 0x00ae, 0x00b6, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c009c, 0x019a, 0x01a2, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c009d, 0x019b, 0x01a3, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+
+    //              USB     evdev    XKB     Win     Mac
+    (0x0c00b0, 0x00cf, 0x00d7, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MediaPlay"),
+    (0x0c00b1, 0x00c9, 0x00d1, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MediaPause"),
+    (0x0c00b2, 0x00a7, 0x00af, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MediaRecord"),
+    (0x0c00b3, 0x00d0, 0x00d8, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MediaFastForward"),
+    (0x0c00b4, 0x00a8, 0x00b0, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MediaRewind"),
+    (0x0c00b5, 0x00a3, 0x00ab, 0xe019, 0xffff, "MediaTrackNext"),
+    (0x0c00b6, 0x00a5, 0x00ad, 0xe010, 0xffff, "MediaTrackPrevious"),
+    (0x0c00b7, 0x00a6, 0x00ae, 0xe024, 0xffff, "MediaStop"),
+    (0x0c00b8, 0x00a1, 0x00a9, 0xe02c, 0xffff, "Eject"),
+    (0x0c00cd, 0x00a4, 0x00ac, 0xe022, 0xffff, "MediaPlayPause"),
+    (0x0c00cf, 0x0246, 0x024e, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c00d8, 0x024a, 0x0252, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c00d9, 0x0249, 0x0251, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c00e5, 0x00d1, 0x00d9, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // .{ 0x0c00e6, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0c0150, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0c0151, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0c0152, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0c0153, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0c0154, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // .{ 0x0c0155, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // USB#0c0183: AL Consumer Control Configuration
+    (0x0c0183, 0x00ab, 0x00b3, 0xe06d, 0xffff, "MediaSelect"),
+    (0x0c0184, 0x01a5, 0x01ad, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c0186, 0x01a7, 0x01af, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c018a AL_EmailReader
+    (0x0c018a, 0x009b, 0x00a3, 0xe06c, 0xffff, "LaunchMail"),
+    // USB#0x0c018d: AL Contacts/Address Book
+    (0x0c018d, 0x01ad, 0x01b5, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c018e: AL Calendar/Schedule
+    (0x0c018e, 0x018d, 0x0195, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c018f AL Task/Project Manager
+    // .{ 0x0c018f, 0x0241, 0x0249, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // USB#0x0c0190: AL Log/Journal/Timecard
+    // .{ 0x0c0190, 0x0242, 0x024a, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // USB#0x0c0192: AL_Calculator
+    (0x0c0192, 0x008c, 0x0094, 0xe021, 0xffff, "LaunchApp2"),
+    // USB#0c0194: My Computer (AL_LocalMachineBrowser)
+    (0x0c0194, 0x0090, 0x0098, 0xe06b, 0xffff, "LaunchApp1"),
+    (0x0c0196, 0x0096, 0x009e, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c019c, 0x01b1, 0x01b9, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c019e: AL Terminal Lock/Screensaver
+    (0x0c019e, 0x0098, 0x00a0, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c019f AL Control Panel
+    (0x0c019f, 0x0243, 0x024b, 0x0000, 0xffff, "LaunchControlPanel"),
+    // USB#0x0c01a2: AL Select Task/Application
+    (0x0c01a2, 0x0244, 0x024c, 0x0000, 0xffff, "SelectTask"),
+    // USB#0x0c01a7: AL_Documents
+    (0x0c01a7, 0x00eb, 0x00f3, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c01ab, 0x01b0, 0x01b8, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c01ae: AL Keyboard Layout
+    (0x0c01ae, 0x0176, 0x017e, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c01b1, 0x0245, 0x024d, 0x0000, 0xffff, "LaunchScreenSaver"),
+    (0x0c01cb, 0x0247, 0x024f, 0x0000, 0xffff, "LaunchAssistant"),
+    // USB#0c01b4: Home Directory (AL_FileBrowser) (Explorer)
+    // .{ 0x0c01b4, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // USB#0x0c01b7: AL Audio Browser
+    (0x0c01b7, 0x0188, 0x0190, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c0201: AC New
+    (0x0c0201, 0x00b5, 0x00bd, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c0203: AC Close
+    (0x0c0203, 0x00ce, 0x00d6, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c0207: AC Close
+    (0x0c0207, 0x00ea, 0x00f2, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c0208: AC Print
+    (0x0c0208, 0x00d2, 0x00da, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c0221:  AC_Search
+    (0x0c0221, 0x00d9, 0x00e1, 0xe065, 0xffff, "BrowserSearch"),
+    // USB#0x0c0223:  AC_Home
+    (0x0c0223, 0x00ac, 0x00b4, 0xe032, 0xffff, "BrowserHome"),
+    // USB#0x0c0224:  AC_Back
+    (0x0c0224, 0x009e, 0x00a6, 0xe06a, 0xffff, "BrowserBack"),
+    // USB#0x0c0225:  AC_Forward
+    (0x0c0225, 0x009f, 0x00a7, 0xe069, 0xffff, "BrowserForward"),
+    // USB#0x0c0226:  AC_Stop
+    (0x0c0226, 0x0080, 0x0088, 0xe068, 0xffff, "BrowserStop"),
+    // USB#0x0c0227:  AC_Refresh (Reload)
+    (0x0c0227, 0x00ad, 0x00b5, 0xe067, 0xffff, "BrowserRefresh"),
+    // USB#0x0c022a:  AC_Bookmarks (Favorites)
+    (0x0c022a, 0x009c, 0x00a4, 0xe066, 0xffff, "BrowserFavorites"),
+    (0x0c022d, 0x01a2, 0x01aa, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c022e, 0x01a3, 0x01ab, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c0230:  AC Full Screen View
+    // .{ 0x0c0230, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    // USB#0x0c0231:  AC Normal View
+    // .{ 0x0c0231, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""},
+    (0x0c0232, 0x0174, 0x017c, 0x0000, 0xffff, "ZoomToggle"),
+    // USB#0x0c0279:  AC Redo/Repeat
+    (0x0c0279, 0x00b6, 0x00be, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    // USB#0x0c0289:  AC_Reply
+    (0x0c0289, 0x00e8, 0x00f0, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MailReply"),
+    // USB#0x0c028b:  AC_ForwardMsg (MailForward)
+    (0x0c028b, 0x00e9, 0x00f1, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MailForward"),
+    // USB#0x0c028c:  AC_Send
+    (0x0c028c, 0x00e7, 0x00ef, 0x0000, 0xffff, "MailSend"),
+    // USB#0x0c029d:  AC Next Keyboard Layout Select
+    (0x0c029d, 0x0248, 0x0250, 0x0000, 0xffff, "KeyboardLayoutSelect"),
+    (0x0c029f, 0x0078, 0x0080, 0x0000, 0xffff, "ShowAllWindows"),
+    (0x0c02a2, 0x00cc, 0x00d4, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+    (0x0c02d0, 0x0279, 0x0281, 0x0000, 0xffff, ""),
+];
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn entries_build() {
+        let e = entries();
+        assert_eq!(e.len(), RAW_ENTRIES.len());
+        let a = e.iter().find(|e| e.code == "KeyA").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a.key, Key::KeyA);
+        assert_eq!(a.usb, 0x070004);
+        assert_eq!(a.native, 0x0026);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn code_to_key_keys_are_w3c_names() {
+        for (code, key) in CODE_TO_KEY {
+            assert_eq!(Key::from_w3c(code), Some(*key), "{code}");
+        }
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/kitty.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//! Kitty keyboard protocol key mapping data (ZIG/src/input/kitty.zig).
+
+use crate::key::Key;
+
+/// A single entry in the kitty keymap data. There are only ~100 entries
+/// so the recommendation is to just use a linear search to find the entry
+/// for a given key.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Entry {
+    pub key: Key,
+    pub code: u32,
+    pub final_: u8,
+    pub modifier: bool,
+}
+
+const fn e(key: Key, code: u32, final_: u8, modifier: bool) -> Entry {
+    Entry {
+        key,
+        code,
+        final_,
+        modifier,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The raw data for how to map keys to Kitty data. Based on the information:
+/// https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/keyboard-protocol/#functional-key-definitions
+/// And the exact table is ported from Foot:
+/// https://codeberg.org/dnkl/foot/src/branch/master/kitty-keymap.h
+///
+/// Note that we currently don't support all the same keysyms as Kitty,
+/// but we can add them as we add support.
+///
+/// These are stored in order of the above Kitty link, so it is easy to
+/// find the entry for a given key.
+pub const ENTRIES: &[Entry] = &[
+    e(Key::Escape, 27, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Enter, 13, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Tab, 9, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Backspace, 127, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Insert, 2, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::Delete, 3, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::ArrowLeft, 1, b'D', false),
+    e(Key::ArrowRight, 1, b'C', false),
+    e(Key::ArrowUp, 1, b'A', false),
+    e(Key::ArrowDown, 1, b'B', false),
+    e(Key::PageUp, 5, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::PageDown, 6, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::Home, 1, b'H', false),
+    e(Key::End, 1, b'F', false),
+    e(Key::CapsLock, 57358, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::ScrollLock, 57359, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumLock, 57360, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::PrintScreen, 57361, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Pause, 57362, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F1, 1, b'P', false),
+    e(Key::F2, 1, b'Q', false),
+    e(Key::F3, 13, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F4, 1, b'S', false),
+    e(Key::F5, 15, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F6, 17, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F7, 18, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F8, 19, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F9, 20, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F10, 21, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F11, 23, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F12, 24, b'~', false),
+    e(Key::F13, 57376, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F14, 57377, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F15, 57378, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F16, 57379, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F17, 57380, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F18, 57381, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F19, 57382, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F20, 57383, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F21, 57384, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F22, 57385, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F23, 57386, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F24, 57387, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::F25, 57388, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad0, 57399, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad1, 57400, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad2, 57401, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad3, 57402, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad4, 57403, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad5, 57404, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad6, 57405, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad7, 57406, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad8, 57407, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::Numpad9, 57408, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadDecimal, 57409, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadDivide, 57410, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadMultiply, 57411, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadSubtract, 57412, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadAdd, 57413, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadEnter, 57414, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadEqual, 57415, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadSeparator, 57416, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadLeft, 57417, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadRight, 57418, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadUp, 57419, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadDown, 57420, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadPageUp, 57421, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadPageDown, 57422, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadHome, 57423, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadEnd, 57424, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadInsert, 57425, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadDelete, 57426, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::NumpadBegin, 57427, b'u', false),
+    e(Key::ShiftLeft, 57441, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::ShiftRight, 57447, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::ControlLeft, 57442, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::ControlRight, 57448, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::MetaLeft, 57444, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::MetaRight, 57450, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::AltLeft, 57443, b'u', true),
+    e(Key::AltRight, 57449, b'u', true),
+];
+
+/// The full list of entries for the current platform.
+pub fn entries() -> &'static [Entry] {
+    ENTRIES
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn entries_table() {
+        // To force evaluation of the table
+        assert_ne!(entries().len(), 0);
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/lib.rs

@@ -1 +1,26 @@
-//! ghostty-input: see docs/rewrite/ARCHITECTURE.md for the module map.
+//! ghostty-input: keyboard/mouse input handling (ZIG/src/input/*).
+
+pub mod binding;
+pub mod command;
+pub mod config;
+pub mod function_keys;
+pub mod helpgen_actions;
+pub mod key;
+pub mod key_encode;
+pub mod key_mods;
+pub mod keyboard;
+pub mod keycodes;
+pub mod kitty;
+pub mod link;
+pub mod mouse;
+pub mod paste;
+
+pub use config::OptionAsAlt;
+pub use key::{Action, Key, KeyEvent, ctrl_or_super};
+pub use key_mods::{Mods, RemapSet as KeyRemapSet};
+pub use keyboard::Layout as KeyboardLayout;
+pub use link::Link;
+pub use mouse::{
+    Button as MouseButton, ButtonState as MouseButtonState, PressureStage as MousePressureStage,
+    ScrollMods,
+};

crates/ghostty-input/src/link.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//! A link is a clickable element that can be used to trigger some action.
+//! A link is NOT just a URL that opens in a browser. A link is any generic
+//! regular expression match over terminal text that can trigger various
+//! action types. (ZIG/src/input/Link.zig)
+
+use crate::key_mods::Mods;
+
+/// The action that will be triggered when the link is clicked.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Action {
+    /// Open the full matched value using the default open program.
+    /// For example, on macOS this is "open" and on Linux this is "xdg-open".
+    Open,
+
+    /// Open the OSC8 hyperlink under the mouse position. _-prefixed means
+    /// this can't be user-specified, it's only used internally.
+    _OpenOsc8,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Highlight {
+    /// Always highlight the link.
+    Always,
+
+    /// Only highlight the link when the mouse is hovering over it.
+    Hover,
+
+    /// Highlight anytime the given mods are pressed, either when
+    /// hovering or always. For always, all links will be highlighted
+    /// when the mods are pressed regardless of if the mouse is hovering
+    /// over them.
+    ///
+    /// Note that if "shift" is specified here, this will NEVER match in
+    /// TUI programs that capture mouse events. "Shift" with mouse capture
+    /// escapes the mouse capture but strips the "shift" so it can't be
+    /// detected.
+    AlwaysMods(Mods),
+    HoverMods(Mods),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Link {
+    /// The regular expression that will be used to match the link.
+    pub regex: String,
+
+    /// The action that will be triggered when the link is clicked.
+    pub action: Action,
+
+    /// The situations in which the link will be highlighted. A link is only
+    /// clickable by the mouse when it is highlighted, so this also controls
+    /// when the link is clickable.
+    pub highlight: Highlight,
+}
+
+// TODO(integration): `oni_regex` (Zig `oniRegex`) builds an Oniguruma regex;
+// the regex engine choice is made by the consumer crate (config/core).
+
+impl Link {
+    /// Check if two links are equal.
+    pub fn equal(&self, other: &Link) -> bool {
+        self == other
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/mouse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+//! Mouse input types (ZIG/src/input/mouse.zig).
+
+/// The state of a mouse button.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[repr(i32)]
+pub enum ButtonState {
+    Release,
+    Press,
+}
+
+/// Possible mouse buttons. We only track up to 11 because that's the maximum
+/// button input that terminal mouse tracking handles without becoming
+/// ambiguous.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+#[repr(i32)]
+pub enum Button {
+    Unknown = 0,
+    Left = 1,
+    Right = 2,
+    Middle = 3,
+    Four = 4,
+    Five = 5,
+    Six = 6,
+    Seven = 7,
+    Eight = 8,
+    Nine = 9,
+    Ten = 10,
+    Eleven = 11,
+}
+
+impl Button {
+    /// The maximum value in this enum. This can be used to create a densely
+    /// packed array, for example.
+    pub const MAX: i32 = 11;
+}
+
+/// The "momentum" of a mouse scroll event. This matches the macOS events
+/// because it is the only reliable source right now of momentum events.
+/// This is used to handle "inertial scrolling" (i.e. flicking).
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum Momentum {
+    #[default]
+    None = 0,
+    Began = 1,
+    Stationary = 2,
+    Changed = 3,
+    Ended = 4,
+    Cancelled = 5,
+    MayBegin = 6,
+}
+
+impl Momentum {
+    pub fn from_int(v: u8) -> Option<Momentum> {
+        Some(match v {
+            0 => Momentum::None,
+            1 => Momentum::Began,
+            2 => Momentum::Stationary,
+            3 => Momentum::Changed,
+            4 => Momentum::Ended,
+            5 => Momentum::Cancelled,
+            6 => Momentum::MayBegin,
+            _ => return None,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// The pressure stage of a pressure-sensitive input device.
+///
+/// This currently only supports the stages that macOS supports.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum PressureStage {
+    /// The input device is unpressed.
+    #[default]
+    None = 0,
+
+    /// The input device is pressed a normal amount. On macOS trackpads,
+    /// this is after a "click".
+    Normal = 1,
+
+    /// The input device is pressed a deep amount. On macOS trackpads,
+    /// this is after a "force click".
+    Deep = 2,
+}
+
+/// The bitmask for mods for scroll events.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Default)]
+pub struct ScrollMods {
+    /// True if this is a high-precision scroll event. For example, Apple
+    /// devices such as Magic Mouse, trackpads, etc. are high-precision
+    /// and send very detailed scroll events.
+    pub precision: bool,
+
+    /// The momentum phase (if available, supported) of the scroll event.
+    /// This is used to handle "inertial scrolling" (i.e. flicking).
+    pub momentum: Momentum,
+}
+
+impl ScrollMods {
+    /// Packed `u8` representation (bit 0 precision, bits 1..4 momentum).
+    pub fn int(self) -> u8 {
+        u8::from(self.precision) | ((self.momentum as u8) << 1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_int(v: u8) -> ScrollMods {
+        ScrollMods {
+            precision: v & 1 != 0,
+            momentum: Momentum::from_int((v >> 1) & 0b111).unwrap_or(Momentum::None),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    // For our own understanding
+    #[test]
+    fn scroll_mods_layout() {
+        assert_eq!(ScrollMods::default().int(), 0b0);
+        assert_eq!(
+            ScrollMods {
+                precision: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            }
+            .int(),
+            0b0000_0001
+        );
+        assert_eq!(ScrollMods::from_int(0b0000_0011).momentum, Momentum::Began);
+    }
+}

crates/ghostty-input/src/paste.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+//! Paste encoding (ZIG/src/input/paste.zig).
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    /// Returned if encoding requires a mutable copy of the data. This
+    /// can only be returned if the input data type is const.
+    #[error("mutable copy of the data is required")]
+    MutableRequired,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Options {
+    /// True if bracketed paste mode is on.
+    pub bracketed: bool,
+}
+
+impl Options {
+    // TODO(integration): Zig has `fromTerminal(t: *const Terminal)` which
+    // reads `t.modes.get(.bracketed_paste)`. Construct `Options` from the
+    // terminal mode in ghostty-terminal instead.
+}
+
+/// These are the set of byte values that are always replaced by
+/// a space (per xterm's behavior) for any text insertion method e.g.
+/// a paste, drag and drop, etc. These are copied directly from xterm's
+/// source.
+const STRIP: &[u8] = &[
+    0x00, // NUL
+    0x08, // BS
+    0x05, // ENQ
+    0x04, // EOT
+    0x1B, // ESC
+    0x7F, // DEL
+    // These can be overridden by the running terminal program
+    // via tcsetattr, so they aren't totally safe to hardcode like
+    // this. In practice, I haven't seen modern programs change these
+    // and its a much bigger architectural change to pass these through
+    // so for now they're hardcoded.
+    0x03, // VINTR (Ctrl+C)
+    0x1C, // VQUIT (Ctrl+\)
+    0x15, // VKILL (Ctrl+U)
+    0x1A, // VSUSP (Ctrl+Z)
+    0x11, // VSTART (Ctrl+Q)
+    0x13, // VSTOP (Ctrl+S)
+    0x17, // VWERASE (Ctrl+W)
+    0x16, // VLNEXT (Ctrl+V)
+    0x12, // VREPRINT (Ctrl+R)
+    0x0F, // VDISCARD (Ctrl+O)
+];
+
+/// Encode immutable (const) data for pasting. The resulting value can be
+/// written to the pty to perform a paste of the input data.
+///
+/// This returns `Error::MutableRequired` if the data needs modification
+/// (strip bytes or newline replacement); the caller can then make a mutable
+/// copy and use `encode_mut`. This calling style allows initially const data
+/// to be passed in without an allocation, since it is rare in normal use
+/// cases that the data will need to be modified.
+///
+/// The data is returned as a set of slices to limit allocations. The caller
+/// can combine the slices into a single buffer if desired.
+///
+/// WARNING: The input data is not checked for safety. See the `is_safe`
+/// function to check if the data is safe to paste.
+pub fn encode(data: &[u8], opts: Options) -> Result<[&[u8]; 3], Error> {
+    let mut result: [&[u8]; 3] = [b"", data, b""];
+
+    if data.iter().any(|b| STRIP.contains(b)) {
+        return Err(Error::MutableRequired);
+    }
+
+    // Bracketed paste mode (mode 2004) wraps pasted data in
+    // fenceposts so that the terminal can ignore things like newlines.
+    if opts.bracketed {
+        result[0] = b"\x1b[200~";
+        result[2] = b"\x1b[201~";
+        return Ok(result);
+    }
+
+    // Non-bracketed. We have to replace newline with `\r`.
+    if data.contains(&b'\n') {
+        return Err(Error::MutableRequired);
+    }
+
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Like `encode` but modifies the data in place, so it can't fail.
+pub fn encode_mut(data: &mut [u8], opts: Options) -> [&[u8]; 3] {
+    // If we have any of the strip values, then we need to replace them
+    // with spaces. This is what xterm does and it does it regardless
+    // of bracketed paste mode. This is a security measure to prevent pastes
+    // from containing bytes that could be used to inject commands.
+    for b in data.iter_mut() {
+        if STRIP.contains(b) {
+            *b = b' ';
+        }
+    }
+
+    let data: &[u8] = if opts.bracketed {
+        data
+    } else {
+        // Non-bracketed. We have to replace newline with `\r`. This matches
+        // the behavior of xterm and other terminals. For `\r\n` this will
+        // result in `\r\r` which does match xterm.
+        for b in data.iter_mut() {
+            if *b == b'\n' {
+                *b = b'\r';
+            }
+        }
+        data
+    };
+
+    let mut result: [&[u8]; 3] = [b"", data, b""];
+    if opts.bracketed {
+        result[0] = b"\x1b[200~";
+        result[2] = b"\x1b[201~";
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+/// Returns true if the data looks safe to paste. Data is considered
+/// unsafe if it contains any of the following:
+///
+/// - `\n`: Newlines can be used to inject commands.
+/// - `\x1b[201~`: This is the end of a bracketed paste. This cane be used
+///   to exit a bracketed paste and inject commands.
+///
+/// We consider any scenario unsafe regardless of current terminal state.
+/// For example, even if bracketed paste mode is not active, we still
+/// consider `\x1b[201~` unsafe. The existence of these types of bytes
+/// should raise suspicion that the producer of the paste data is
+/// acting strangely.
+pub fn is_safe(data: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    !data.contains(&b'\n') && !data.windows(6).any(|w| w == b"\x1b[201~")
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn is_safe_test() {
+        assert!(is_safe(b"hello"));
+        assert!(!is_safe(b"hello\n"));
+        assert!(!is_safe(b"hello\nworld"));
+        assert!(!is_safe(b"he\x1b[201~llo"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_bracketed() {
+        let r = encode(b"hello", Options { bracketed: true }).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r[0], b"\x1b[200~");
+        assert_eq!(r[1], b"hello");
+        assert_eq!(r[2], b"\x1b[201~");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_unbracketed_no_newlines() {
+        let r = encode(b"hello", Options { bracketed: false }).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(r[0], b"");
+        assert_eq!(r[1], b"hello");
+        assert_eq!(r[2], b"");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_unbracketed_newlines_const() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            encode(b"hello\nworld", Options { bracketed: false }),
+            Err(Error::MutableRequired)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_unbracketed_newlines() {
+        let mut data = b"hello\nworld".to_vec();
+        let r = encode_mut(&mut data, Options { bracketed: false });
+        assert_eq!(r[0], b"");
+        assert_eq!(r[1], b"hello\rworld");
+        assert_eq!(r[2], b"");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_unbracketed_windows_stye_newline() {
+        let mut data = b"hello\r\nworld".to_vec();
+        let r = encode_mut(&mut data, Options { bracketed: false });
+        assert_eq!(r[0], b"");
+        assert_eq!(r[1], b"hello\r\rworld");
+        assert_eq!(r[2], b"");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_strip_unsafe_bytes_const() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            encode(b"hello\x00world", Options { bracketed: true }),
+            Err(Error::MutableRequired)
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_strip_unsafe_bytes_mutable_bracketed() {
+        let mut data = b"hel\x1blo\x00world".to_vec();
+        let r = encode_mut(&mut data, Options { bracketed: true });
+        assert_eq!(r[0], b"\x1b[200~");
+        assert_eq!(r[1], b"hel lo world");
+        assert_eq!(r[2], b"\x1b[201~");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_strip_unsafe_bytes_mutable_unbracketed() {
+        let mut data = b"hel\x03lo".to_vec();
+        let r = encode_mut(&mut data, Options { bracketed: false });
+        assert_eq!(r[0], b"");
+        assert_eq!(r[1], b"hel lo");
+        assert_eq!(r[2], b"");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn encode_strip_multiple_unsafe_bytes() {
+        let mut data = b"\x00\x08\x7f".to_vec();
+        let r = encode_mut(&mut data, Options { bracketed: true });
+        assert_eq!(r[1], b"   ");
+    }
+}