diff --git a/programs/fileio.c b/programs/fileio.c
index e6047b967..fe8165db6 100644
--- a/programs/fileio.c
+++ b/programs/fileio.c
@@ -1314,6 +1314,16 @@ enum {
     FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INVALID_PROJECTION = 3
 };
 
+enum {
+    FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_OK = 0,
+    FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_COMPRESS_ERROR = 1,
+    FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INCOMPLETE_INPUT = 2,
+    FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INVALID_PROJECTION = 3,
+    FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_UNKNOWN = 4
+};
+
+int FIO_rust_zstdCompressionDiagnostic(int status);
+
 typedef size_t (*FIO_rust_zstd_read_fill_fn)(
         void* opaque, size_t requested,
         const unsigned char** buffer, size_t* loaded);
@@ -2741,6 +2751,7 @@ FIO_rust_compressZstdCallback(void* fCtx, void* prefs, void* ress,
     U64 pledgedSrcSize = ZSTD_CONTENTSIZE_UNKNOWN;
     size_t zstdResult = 0;
     int status;
+    int diagnostic;
 
     memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context));
     context.fCtx = fCtxPtr;
@@ -2801,19 +2812,22 @@ FIO_rust_compressZstdCallback(void* fCtx, void* prefs, void* ress,
     status = FIO_rust_compressZstdFrame(
         &projection, srcFileName, srcFileSize, compressionLevel,
         readsize, &compressedSize, &zstdResult);
-    switch (status) {
-        case FIO_RUST_ZSTD_OK:
+    diagnostic = FIO_rust_zstdCompressionDiagnostic(status);
+    switch (diagnostic) {
+        case FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_OK:
             return compressedSize;
-        case FIO_RUST_ZSTD_COMPRESS_ERROR:
+        case FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_COMPRESS_ERROR:
             DISPLAYLEVEL(5, "%s \n",
                          "ZSTD_compressStream2(ress.cctx, &outBuff, &inBuff, directive)");
             EXM_THROW(11, "%s", ZSTD_getErrorName(zstdResult));
-        case FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INCOMPLETE_INPUT:
+        case FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INCOMPLETE_INPUT:
             EXM_THROW(27, "Read error : Incomplete read : %llu / %llu B",
                       (unsigned long long)*readsize,
                       (unsigned long long)srcFileSize);
+        case FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INVALID_PROJECTION:
+            EXM_THROW(11, "zstd compression projection is invalid");
         default:
-            assert(status == FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INVALID_PROJECTION);
+            assert(diagnostic == FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_UNKNOWN);
             EXM_THROW(11, "zstd compression projection is invalid");
     }
 }
diff --git a/rust/src/fileio_asyncio.rs b/rust/src/fileio_asyncio.rs
index b9a060670..6674b6672 100644
--- a/rust/src/fileio_asyncio.rs
+++ b/rust/src/fileio_asyncio.rs
@@ -822,6 +822,25 @@ pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_COMPRESS_ERROR: c_int = 1;
 pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INCOMPLETE_INPUT: c_int = 2;
 pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INVALID_PROJECTION: c_int = 3;
 
+pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_OK: c_int = 0;
+pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_COMPRESS_ERROR: c_int = 1;
+pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INCOMPLETE_INPUT: c_int = 2;
+pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INVALID_PROJECTION: c_int = 3;
+pub const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_UNKNOWN: c_int = 4;
+
+/// Classifies zstd compression results while leaving zstd-specific error
+/// names and CLI exception text in the C callback.
+#[no_mangle]
+pub extern "C" fn FIO_rust_zstdCompressionDiagnostic(status: c_int) -> c_int {
+    match status {
+        FIO_RUST_ZSTD_OK => FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_OK,
+        FIO_RUST_ZSTD_COMPRESS_ERROR => FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_COMPRESS_ERROR,
+        FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INCOMPLETE_INPUT => FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INCOMPLETE_INPUT,
+        FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INVALID_PROJECTION => FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INVALID_PROJECTION,
+        _ => FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_UNKNOWN,
+    }
+}
+
 const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_E_CONTINUE: c_int = 0;
 const FIO_RUST_ZSTD_E_END: c_int = 2;
 const UTIL_FILESIZE_UNKNOWN: u64 = u64::MAX;
@@ -5321,6 +5340,34 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn zstd_compression_status_diagnostic_preserves_cli_mapping() {
+        for (status, diagnostic) in [
+            (FIO_RUST_ZSTD_OK, FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_OK),
+            (
+                FIO_RUST_ZSTD_COMPRESS_ERROR,
+                FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_COMPRESS_ERROR,
+            ),
+            (
+                FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INCOMPLETE_INPUT,
+                FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INCOMPLETE_INPUT,
+            ),
+            (
+                FIO_RUST_ZSTD_INVALID_PROJECTION,
+                FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_INVALID_PROJECTION,
+            ),
+        ] {
+            assert_eq!(FIO_rust_zstdCompressionDiagnostic(status), diagnostic);
+        }
+
+        for status in [-1, 99] {
+            assert_eq!(
+                FIO_rust_zstdCompressionDiagnostic(status),
+                FIO_RUST_ZSTD_DIAGNOSTIC_UNKNOWN
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     const SOURCE_POLICY_STAT: u8 = 1;
     const SOURCE_POLICY_EXCLUDED: u8 = 2;
     const SOURCE_POLICY_OPEN: u8 = 3;